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Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 1997 Aug;26(4):200-2.
[Effect of platelet derived growth factor on the growth of human glomerular mesangial cells in vitro]

[Article in Chinese]

Chen G, Guo M, Zhang Y.

Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical University.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of plateletderived growth factor (PDGF) on the growth of human glomerular mesangial cells (MsC) in vitro. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for the detection of BrdU positive cells; [3H] proline incorporation for the bioactive assay of total amount of collagen; and Northern blot analysis for the determination of fibronectin (FN) alpha 1 (IV) collagen and c-myc mRNA expression. RESULTS: The cell labelling index (LI) of BrdU incorporation in the PDGF group is 34.5% higher than that in the normal group, which was 19.5% (P < 0.01), The total amount of collagen secreted by MsC within cells and outside of cells in the PDGF group were 2.69 +/- 0.60% and 3.87 +/- 0.65% respectively, much higher than that of the normal group, which were 1.25 +/- 0.50% and 1.61 +/- 0.51% respectively (P < 0.01). Northern blot analysis revealed an increase of FN, Col IV, c-myc mRNA levels in the PDGF group. CONCLUSION: PDGF can stimulate cell proliferation, synthesis of collagen and enhance FN, Col IV, c-myc mRNA expression. It is possible that PDGF may play an important role in the development and progression of glomerulopathy.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10072862&dopt=Abstract

Planta Med. 1999 Feb;65(1):39-42.
Pinusolide from the leaves of Biota orientalis as potent platelet activating factor antagonist.

Kim KA, Moon TC, Lee SW, Chung KC, Han BH, Chang HW.

College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea.

We investigated the effect of a new PAF antagonist pinusolide, isolated from the leaves of Biota orientalis, on PAF-induced [3H]serotinin release from rabbit platelets, hypotension and vascular permeability. Pinusolide (IC50, about 5 x 10(-6) M) inhibited specifically [3H]serotinin release from rabbit platelets when stimulated with PAF (5 x 10(-8) M), but showed no effect when induced by ADP, collagen, and thrombin. It also inhibited PAF-induced hypotension in a dose-dependent manner in rats with no effect on the hypotension induced by acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin. The inhibitory effect of pinusolide on the PAF-induced vascular permeability is less specific than the induced hypotension. These results suggest that pinusolide may prove of therapeutic value in the treatment of hypotension and a molecular design of pinusolide analogues may provide the possibility of a new PAF specific antagonists.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10083843&dopt=Abstract

Dev Neurosci. 1999;21(1):12-21.
Neurotrophin-3 increases neurite outgrowth and apoptosis in explants of the chicken neural plate.

Li R, Bernd P.

Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Health Science Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.

This study examined the effect of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on neurite outgrowth and apoptosis of chicken neural plate explants prior to neural tube formation. In situ hybridization revealed that mRNA for the full-length (catalytic) NT-3 receptor, TrkC, was present in, and limited to, the neural plate (including the neural folds) coincident with its formation. Neural plate explants were maintained in vitro on a collagen gel under serum-free conditions in the presence or absence of exogenous NT-3 and/or an antibody to NT-3. In the absence of exogenous NT-3, explants exhibited neurite outgrowth after several days in vitro; apoptotic cells were also seen after 2 days in vitro. This does not appear to be due to endogenous NT-3, since the total number of neurites or apoptotic cells was unchanged if explants were exposed to an NT-3 antibody for the entire culture period. In the presence of exogenous NT-3, neural plate explants exhibited a dose-dependent statistically significant increase in the total number of neurites as compared to explants maintained under control conditions, as well as a statistically significant increase in apoptosis. These NT-3 effects were blocked by an NT-3 antibody. In contrast, NT-3 had no effect on the length of neurites. These findings suggest that NT-3 may play a role during early neural development in vivo.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10077697&dopt=Abstract

J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1999 Jan;31(1):179-92.
Diastolic dysfunction and collagen structure in canine pacing-induced heart failure.

Neumann T, Vollmer A, Schaffner T, Hess OM, Heusch G.

Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Internal Medicine, University of Essen, FRG.

Heart failure is characterized not only by systolic, but also by diastolic dysfunction. The present study tested whether or not diastolic dysfunction is associated with changes in tissue properties and collagen network structure. Heart failure was induced in seven chronically instrumented, conscious dogs by rapid left ventricular pacing (2 50 min(-1)). After 2-5 [mean: 4+/-1 (S.D.)] weeks pacing, heart failure was apparent from clinical symptoms (ascites, cachexia, edema, exercise intolerance) and hemodynamic parameters (significant increases of heart rate and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and decreases of left ventricular maximal pressure, dP/dtmax and systolic wall thickening). The left ventricle was dilated, as indicated by a decrease of end-diastolic wall thickness (6.3+/-2.0 v 7.2+/-2.1 mm; P<0.05; sonomicrometry). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-strain relation (strain: relative change of end-diastolic wall thickness) was obtained during alterations of loading conditions by inferior caval vein and descending thoracic aortic occlusion. The slope of this relation increased from 85+/-20 to 428+/-188 in heart failure, indicating an increase of left ventricular stiffness. Collagen was stained with picrosirius red and analyzed using polarized light microscopy. In heart failure, the collagen volume fraction remained unchanged (1.9+/-1.2 v 2.3+/-1.3%; N.S.), while the nonuniformity of collagen orientation, as reflected by its standard deviation, was increased (11.1+/-1.8 v 6.1+/-0.4 o; P<0.05). The nonuniformity of collagen fiber orientation correlated with left ventricular stiffness [r=0.75].

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10072726&dopt=Abstract

Biopolymers. 1999 Apr;49(4):297-302.
Structural consequences of D-amino acids in collagen triple-helical peptides.

Shah NK, Brodsky B, Kirkpatrick A, Ramshaw JA.

Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854, USA.

The effects of racemization of aspartic acid on triple-helical formation have been studied using a "host-guest" peptide approach where selected guest Gly-Xaa-Yaa triplets were included within a common acetyl-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)3-Gly-Xaa-Yaa-(Gly-Pro-Hyp)4-Gly-Gly-amide frame-work. Four guest triplets, Gly-Asp-Hyp and Gly-Asp-Ala where Asp is either L-Asp or D-Asp were studied. Thermal stability data indicated that incorporation of D-Asp residues prevented triple-helix formation in phosphate buffered saline, although triple-helical structures were formed in a stabilizing solvent, 67% aqueous ethylene glycol. In this solvent the melting temperatures of D-Asp containing peptides were more than 30 degrees C lower than the corresponding peptides containing L-Asp. For Gly-Asp-Ala peptides, but not Gly-Asp-Hyp, peptides, melting profiles indicated that a mixture of the D- and L-Asp containing peptides were able to form heterotrimer triple-helical molecules. These studies illustrate the dramatic destabilizing effect of D-amino acids on the triple-helix stability, but indicate that they can be accommodated in this conformation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10079768&dopt=Abstract

Hair loss is a problem in modern soceity. Examining the factors of hair growth may shed light on how hair loss might occur. How long can hair grow before it stops growing eventually if it does? Given that the hair growth rate is quite uniform and constant, somewhere between 0.3-0.5 millimeters per day, it's believed that the length of anagen, the growth phase, differs among individuals, and this is the major determinant to the maximum hair length. For some individuals, anagen may last ten years. Of course the length of the anagen is governed by genes, and the genetic background of the individuals. Non-genetic factors such as nutritional condition, weather, seasonal changes (hair may grow a bit faster during winter), taking medications, health condition may of course influence the rate of hair growth as well as The shape of the hair, straight or curly, is dependent on the shape of the follicle. A circular or round hair follicle would generate straight hair, while the follicle with oval or elliptical shapes (in its cross-section) would produce a curly hair.

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