References: Hair growth and hair loss
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1987 Jan 9;99(1):21-4.
[Endocrine constellation in androgenetic alopecia in the female]
[Article in German]
Schmidt JB.
The mechanisms which induce androgenetic alopecia in females are only poorly understood at the molecular biological level. In predisposed, mainly centroparietal areas, androgenic stimulation of genetically predisposed hair follicles is considered to cause transformation from terminal to vellus hair follicles. However, reports on serum androgen levels in androgenetic alopecia in the female show broad variations. In the present study serum androgens, gonadotropins, oestradiol and sex hormone binding globulin were determined in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in 25 patients with female pattern androgenetic alopecia by radioimmunosorbent assay. In 16 of these patients skin slices from the alopecic areas were punch biopsied under local anaesthesia for determination of cytosol- and nuclear androgen receptor (AR). Mean values of all serum hormone levels were within the normal range. Cytoplasmatic AR was positive in 75% of cases, with a mean level of 22 fmol/mg protein. In 50% of cases nuclear AR was demonstrated, with a mean level of 119 fmol/mg DNA. No correlation was found between serum androgen levels and AR. Highly positive AR levels indicate a high androgen stimulability in female androgenetic alopecia. These findings support the concept of AR as regulators of genetically determined hair follicles in androgenetic alopecia.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3105180&dopt=Abstract
Ther Drug Monit. 1987;9(1):34-40.
Long-term treatment with sodium valproate: monitoring of venous ammonia concentrations and adverse effects.
Zaccara G, Campostrini R, Paganini M, Messori A, Valenza T, Arnetoli G, Zappoli R.
Adverse effects and venous blood ammonia concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in patients with epilepsy treated with valproate (VPA). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of ammonia and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of VPA as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 patients completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received VPA alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with VPA and other anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, phenytoin, and/or carbamazepine). In Group 1 patients, a slight though significant increase in ammonia concentrations was found during long-term VPA treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 patients. The difference between postdose and predose ammonia levels in Group 2 patients was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in patients of Group 1. VPA concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 patients than in Group 1. Twenty-three patients complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, tremors, weight gain, hair loss, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood ammonia are particularly evident in patients taking VPA in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as phenobarbital and phenytoin.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3107169&dopt=Abstract
Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;58(2):212-8.
Immunological studies in patients with alopecia areata.
Herzer P, Czarnetzki BM, Holzmann H, Lemmel EM.
Cellular and humoral immune parameters were studied in 10 patients with alopecia areata totalis and universalis. Trends to low normal immunoglobulins levels and in vitro lymphocyte transformation to concanavalin A were observed. Serum CH-50 levels and skin test responses to mumps, candida, trichophytin and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) not found in vitro. 1 patient with alopecia universalis of 33 years duration developed hair at the site of DNCB skin testing. The findings point to rather subtle immune defects in patients with this disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=311349&dopt=Abstract
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