References: Hair growth and hair loss
Dermatol Surg. 2002 Aug;28(8):720-8.
Follicular unit extraction: minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation.
Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, Worton E, Uyttendaele H.
New Hair Institute Medical Group, A Professional Corporation, Los Angeles, California 90035, USA.
BACKGROUND: Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) is performed using large numbers of naturally occuring individual follicular units obtained by single-strip harvesting and stereo-microscopic dissection. Donor wound scarring from strip excision, although an infrequent complication, still concerns enough patients that an alternative solution is warranted. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to introduce Follicular Unit Extraction (The FOX Procedure), in which individual follicular units are removed directly from the donor region through very small punch excisions, and to describe a test (The FOX Test) that determines which patients are candidates for this procedure. This paper explores the nuances, limitations, and practical aspects of Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). METHODS: FUE was performed using 1-mm punches to separate follicular units from the surrounding tissue down to the level of the mid dermis. This was followed by extraction of the follicular units with forceps. The FOX test was developed to determine which patients would be good candidates for the procedure. The test was performed on 200 patients. Representative patients who were FOX-positive and FOX-negative were studied histologically. RESULTS: The FOX Test can determine which patients are suitable candidates for FUE. Approximately 25% of the patients biopsied were ideal candidates for FUE and 35% of the patients biopsied were good candidates for extraction. CONCLUSION: FUE is a minimally invasive approach to hair transplantation that obviates the need for a linear donor incision. This technique can serve as an important alternative to traditional hair transplantation in certain patients.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12174065&dopt=Abstract
Br J Dermatol. 2002 Aug;147(2):222-9.
Langerhans cells that express matrix metalloproteinase 9 increase in human dermis during sensitization to diphenylcyclopropenone in patients with alopecia areata.
Heffler LC, Kastman AL, Jacobsson Ekman G, Scheynius A, Fransson J.
Unit of Clinical Allergy Research, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
BACKGROUND: We know little of the initial events during the sensitization phase of contact allergy in humans. Alopecia areata (AA), a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by patchy hair loss, may be treated by inducing contact allergy to diphenylcyclopropenone (DPC), later followed by its topical application. OBJECTIVES: To learn more about the initial events during sensitization in human skin, we studied the early events during induction of contact allergy to DPC in patients with AA. METHODS: DPC 2% and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 4% were applied on the backs of eight patients with AA. Punch biopsies were taken 6 and 24 h after application. The biopsies were snap-frozen and cryostat sections were evaluated with immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, HLA-DR, CD3, CD54 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). RESULTS: After 24 h all subjects exhibited erythema on the DPC-treated areas. Histological evaluation of biopsies from these areas showed hydropic degeneration and a significantly increased number of MMP-9+ cells in the dermis (P < 0.0005). The MMP-9+ cells were identified with double immunofluorescence staining as CD1a + Langerhans cells. The expression of the other markers studied remained unaltered irrespective of treatment, including treatment with SLS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that DPC induces an irritant reaction leading to an increased number of MMP-9+ CD1a+ cells in the dermis during the initial phase of sensitization.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12174091&dopt=Abstract
Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 May;79(3):214-6.
Quantitative image analysis of hair follicles in alopecia areata.
Kim IH, Jo HY, Cho CG, Choi HC, Oh CH.
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
We took biopsies from similar sites on the scalps of normal controls, normal looking and hair loss areas of patients with alopecia areata. The specimens were sectioned serially and horizontally. We measured morphological parameters, such as the diameter of the hair shaft, the thickness of the inner root sheath, the diameter of the outer root sheath, the irregularity of the outer root sheath and the ratio between the diameters of the hair shaft and the outer root sheath, using a computerized image analysis system. There were significant differences in 5 parameters between hair loss areas and normal controls. The proportions of vellus and telogen hair were significantly higher in the areata areas than in the controls. The 5 morphological parameters and most quantitative-measured parameters of normal-looking areas from patients with alopecia values intermediate between the other groups.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10384920&dopt=Abstract
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