References: Hair growth and hair loss
Z Hautkr. 1989 Dec 15;64(12):1075-82.
[The value of serologic inflammatory parameters in the diagnosis of alopecia areata]
[Article in German]
Lutz G, Stefan J, Niedecken H, Kreysel HW.
Haut- und Poliklinik der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn.
Even recently, focal processes or inflammatory diseases have repeatedly been discussed as the possible causes of alopecia areata (AA) and corresponding diagnostic measures are still recommended. Therefore, we initially attempted to find definite indications of processes like these in AA patients by means of serologic parameters of inflammation and ESR as well as supplementary clinical focal diagnostics. The data obtained revealed increased titers of antistreptolysin in 2.9% and antistreptococcal DNase B in 25.7%, positive C-reactive protein in 8.6%, positive rheumatoid factor in 4.3%, and elevated ESR in 11.7% of the cases. After these data had carefully been compared to those in healthy persons, only the titer of antistreptococcal DNase B and the ESR were found to be increased. In the majority of the cases, these elevations correlated with concomitant bacterial infections detected by clinical focal diagnostics. Antistreptococcal DNase B titer and ESR seem to be the most appropriate of all our test parameters to provide some indications of a focal process or concomitant inflammatory diseases. The remaining parameters are not indicated in AA.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2483785&dopt=Abstract
Int Immunol. 1989;1(2):113-20.
Effects of the deregulated expression of human interleukin-2 in transgenic mice.
Ishida Y, Nishi M, Taguchi O, Inaba K, Minato N, Kawaichi M, Honjo T.
Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
We constructed transgenic mice that carry the cDNA of human interleukin-2 (IL-2) under the control of the H-2Kd promoter. The IL-2 transgenic mice expressed human IL-2 mRNA in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lung, muscle and skin. Human IL-2 protein was also detected in their sera. The IL-2 transgenic mice suffered from alopecia and pneumonia, but no typical autoimmune reactions seemed to be involved in these lesions. In the epidermis of the IL-2 transgenic mice there was an increase in Thy-1+ dendritic epidermal cells (DEC), which might be involved in the skin lesion. Immune responses of their spleen cells against antigens were significantly impaired whereas their spleen cells responded well to polyclonal lymphocyte activators.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2487682&dopt=Abstract
Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 1989;230:135-41.
[Classical immunosuppressive agents]
[Article in French]
Martenet AC.
Immunodepressive or immunoregulatory drugs might be indicated among the therapeutic possibilities in uveitis and associated diseases, especially in those cases, which resist to specific treatment and steroids, and in those in which disorders of the immune system play a pathogenetic role. Classical cytostatic drugs mainly act by a reduction of the amount of circulating lymphocytes. The most useful seem to be the alkylating drugs (chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide) and antimitotics (procarbazine, colchicine), or antifolic (methotrexate), while the antipurines (azathioprine) seem to us less effective. Such therapy requires the full consent of the patient. The dosage of the drug has to be well established in order to keep the total amount of leucocytes between 4,000-5,000/mm3. Side effects can be hair loss, sterility, rarely hemorrhagic cystitis, and, mostly only in the initial therapy period, nausea and vomiting. Teratogenic risks seem non-existent. Since the therapeutical effect comes rather slowly, a local steroid therapy can be added. Absolute indications for such therapy are Behcet and sympathetic ophthalmitis, while all severe chronic uveitis forms are relative indications. Acute iritis and chorioretinitis are contraindications. The results with procarbazine and cyclophosphamide run around 40% full successes (healing of inflammation and improvement of function) and 30% satisfactory results (healing of inflammatory signs, without improvement of function). Failures amount to 17% and 13% of the patients cannot be thoroughly controlled. With regard to the failures, alternative treatment might be attempted with cyclosporin A, plasmapheresis or perhaps immunostimulation.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2488429&dopt=Abstract
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