References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Invest Dermatol. 1988 Feb;90(2):193-200.
HLA-DR expression by hair follicle keratinocytes in alopecia areata: evidence that it is secondary to the lymphoid infiltration.
Khoury EL, Price VH, Greenspan JS.
Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0512.
There is evidence suggesting that alopecia areata (AA) may have an autoimmune pathogenesis, and it was recently reported that keratinocytes in the bulb of some hair follicles affected by this condition express class II HLA (HLA-DR) antigens, which are not present on the same cells in normal tissue. Since it has been proposed that an analogous ectopic HLA-DR expression by epithelial cells in other organs might be an early event leading to organ-specific autoimmunity, we have investigated the sequence in which perifollicular mononuclear cell (MNC) infiltration and ectopic HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes appear in recent-onset and long-standing cases of AA by immunostainings of affected and unaffected areas with monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte and HLA-DR antigens. In recent-onset AA lesions, ectopic HLA-DR expression on hair follicle keratinocytes was found only occasionally (in 3 out of 247 follicles examined) and was restricted to biopsies from the affected areas. This prevalence was significantly lower than the prevalence of hair follicles showing perifollicular MNC infiltrates in the same biopsies, and was also significantly lower than the prevalence of hair follicles showing ectopic HLA-DR expression on keratinocytes in the affected areas of longstanding cases. These findings suggest that in AA lesions the perifollicular MNC infiltration precedes the ectopic HLA-DR expression on hair follicle keratinocytes, and therefore argue against the notion of a primary role for that ectopic HLA-DR expression on epithelial cells in triggering the putative autoimmune response in AA.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2448391&dopt=Abstract
Arch Dermatol Res. 1988;280 Suppl:S85-9.
Nail changes in alopecia areata: light and electron microscopy.
Laporte M, Andre J, Stouffs-Vanhoof F, Achten G.
Cliniques Dermatologiques, Hopitaux Universitaires Saint-Pierre et Brugmann, Brussels, Belgium.
Fragments of nail keratin removed with tweezers from patients suffering from alopecia areata were examined using light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results obtained from these two techniques show nail changes which are slits, cupuliform dips of the upper edge and parakeratosis, under light microscopy; vacuoles, depletion of keratin fibers, and electron-dense fibrillary deposits, under electron microscopy. These changes predominate in the nail plate with a maximum in the upper part while the subungual keratin is preserved. A serious disorder of the matrix keratinization is probably the source of this preferential localization. To determine whether it is a disorder of the keratin fibers themselves or rather of the interfilamentary matrix and especially of the filaggrin system will require further biochemical and immunological studies.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2457356&dopt=Abstract
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989 Mar;20(3):441-6.
Follicular mucinosis: clinical and histopathologic study.
Gibson LE, Muller SA, Leiferman KM, Peters MS.
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Fifty-nine patients with the histologic diagnosis of follicular mucinosis (alopecia mucinosa) were evaluated retrospectively. Thirty-seven were male and 22 were female; ages ranged from 10 to 76 years. Of 19 patients with mycosis fungoides, 16 had initial lesions of follicular mucinosis on the trunk or extremities. Two patients had Hodgkin's disease and follicular mucinosis; both were younger than 20 years of age. Seven other patients were 20 years of age or younger. Two of the nine adolescent patients had persistent plaques of follicular mucinosis up to 18 years after diagnosis. Evaluation of biopsy specimens for lymphocytes, eosinophils, nonlymphoid cell infiltration, epidermal lymphocytic exocytosis, mucin deposition, and epidermal hyperplasia revealed no predominant feature that differentiated the group with benign disease from the group with mycosis fungoides. We conclude that no single clinical or histopathologic observation predicts which patients with follicular mucinosis will have a benign course and that evaluation of multiple clinical and histologic variables is necessary.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2465327&dopt=Abstract
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