References: Hair growth and hair loss
Acta Derm Venereol. 1987;67(3):250-4.
Hair root studies in patients suffering from primary and secondary syphilis.
van der Willigen AH, Peereboom-Wynia JD, van der Hoek JC, Mulder PG, van Joost TH, Stolz E.
The hair root status (trichogram) was studied in eleven patients with primary and eight with secondary syphilis. Variables studied in addition to the hair roots were absence or presence of hair root sheaths, deformities and hair roots with angulations exceeding 20 degrees. A decrease in the number of anagen hair roots and an increase in the number of catagen hair roots, dysplastic/dystrophic roots and anagen hair roots with sheaths and more than 20 degrees angulation was observed in both groups of patients. No difference was demonstrable between the findings in primary and those in secondary syphilis. Whether the abnormalities found in the trichogram are specific of syphilis, is unknown.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2442940&dopt=Abstract
J Cutan Med Surg. 1999 Oct;3(6):309-11.
Of hairless mice and men: the genetic basis of congenital alopecia universalis/congenital atrichia.
Bale SJ.
Genetic Studies Section, LSB, National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal & Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2757, USA.
BACKGROUND: Mouse models of human diseases help identify gene defects. OBJECTIVE: The methods of homozygosity mapping and mouse/human homology to identify genes are reviewed. The genotype/phenotype correlation in two clinical entities with mutations in the human hairless gene are discussed. METHODS: The example of the hairless mouse's contribution to our knowledge of hereditary alopecia is used, and the utility of consanguineous families for genetic studies is highlighted. RESULTS: Mutations in the human homolog of the mouse hairless gene lead to congenital alopecia universalis and atrichia with papules. CONCLUSION: A mouse model of congenital alopecia has led to understanding the molecular basis of at least one type of severe human alopecia.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10575161&dopt=Abstract
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1987 Dec;91(3):395-405.
Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the nonprotein amino acid L-canavanine in the rat.
Thomas DA, Rosenthal GA.
Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506.
The toxicity of L-canavanine was investigated because of its demonstrated potential as an antitumor drug. This natural product was only slightly toxic to Sprague-Dawley rats following a single sc injection: the LD50 was 5.9 +/- 1 8 g/kg in adult rats and 5.0 +/- 1.0 g/kg in 10-day-old rats. Following a single dose of 2.0 g/kg, the systemic clearance value for canavanine in adult rats was 0.114 liter/hr, the volume of distribution at steady state was 0.154 liter, and the half-life was 1.56 hr. Forty-eight percent of the dose was excreted unaltered in the urine following an iv injection, and 16% of a sc dose was recovered in the urine. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg sc dose was 72%. Single oral doses of canavanine were less toxic to adult rats than sc injections. Bioavailability of a 2.0 g/kg po dose was 43%, and only 1% of the administered canavanine was recovered in the urine. Twenty-one percent of the administered canavanine remained in the gastrointestinal tract 24 hr after an oral dose. Less than 1% of a 2.0 g/kg dose of L-[guanidinooxy-14C]canavanine was incorporated into the proteins of adult and neonatal rats 4 or 24 hr following administration. Repeated sc administration of canavanine resulted in more severe toxicity. Weight loss and alopecia were observed in rats given daily sc canavanine injections for 7 days. Food intake was decreased by 80% in adult rats subjected to this dosing regimen, but returned to normal after canavanine injections were terminated. Histological studies of tissues from adult rats treated with 3.0 g/kg canavanine daily for 6 days revealed pancreatic acinar cell atrophy and fibrosis. Serum amylase and lipase levels were elevated following one sc injection of 2.0 g/kg canavanine; after three daily injections both serum enzymes were depleted. Elevations in serum glucose and urea nitrogen, and depletion of cholesterol, were observed. The most significant changes were severe attenuations of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activity.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2447682&dopt=Abstract
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