References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Invest Dermatol. 1990 Jun;94(6):803-7.
Ultrastructural observations on the hair bulb melanocytes and melanosomes in acute alopecia areata.
Tobin DJ, Fenton DA, Kendall MD.
Dowling Skin Unit, St. Thomas's Hospital, London, U.K.
It is well recognized that alopecia areata (Aa) may preferentially affect pigmented hair and may spare white hair, and that regrowing hair in the disease is often initially white. In addition, there is an association with vitiligo and ocular depigmentation. To date, the pathomechanisms of the melanocyte effects are unclear. We have studied 10 patients with untreated acute alopecia areata, and three normal patients without hair loss. Morphologic changes, studied by conventional light and electron microscopy, in the cytoplasm of affected melanocytes often predated nuclear hyperchromatism. Increased numbers of bizarre melanosomes were found in affected melanocytes compared with normal ones; such melanosomes had incomplete or "aborted" melanization, resulting in poor pigment deposition, and were disrupted, enlarged and rounded, with loss of normal ellipsoidal shape. An unusual outer root sheath (ORS) distribution of hair bulb melanocytes was seen. Other atypical melanosome effects included marked pigment displacement into peribulbar and DP melanophages. In the DP clumped melanin granules formed giant spherical complexes without discernible limiting membranes, which were sometimes associated with lymphocytes. These morphologic changes indicate an active involvement of hair bulb melanocytes in alopecia areata.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2355182&dopt=Abstract
Pediatr Nurs. 1990 May-Jun;16(3):252-5, 272.
Side effects associated with pediatric chemotherapy: management and patient education issues.
Lilley LL.
Childhood malignancies are generally treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. As a result of chemotherapy, the most common method of treatment, the child often experiences many side effects over varying periods of time. The nurse must have an adequate understanding of the use, mechanism of action, and side effects of chemotherapeutic agents to provide adequate patient and family teaching.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2359653&dopt=Abstract
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990 Jul;23(1):56-62.
Trichotillomania: a histopathologic study in sixty-six patients.
Muller SA.
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. 55905.
This report reviews the results of scalp biopsies in 66 (38%) of 174 patients with trichotillomania seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1978 through 1988. The most important findings included catagen hairs in 74%, pigment casts in 61%, and traumatized hair bulbs in 21%. Bulbar inflammation and atrophic anagen hairs were not seen. The most characteristic features most often were noted in specimens from areas that had been affected for usually less than 8 weeks. It is important to examine many sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin because only a few sections may show the characteristic changes. The study points out the usefulness of scalp biopsy for making or excluding a diagnosis of trichotillomania.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2365878&dopt=Abstract
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