References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Cutan Pathol. 1990 Dec;17(6):348-54.
Ultrastructural study of exclamation-mark hair shafts in alopecia areata.
Tobin DJ, Fenton DA, Kendall MD.
Unit of Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry, UMDS, London, England.
The prime diagnostic feature of acute alopecia areata is the presence of exclamation mark hairs. These characteristic hairs fracture at their distal end and taper proximally towards the scalp, giving them the appearance of an exclamation mark. Hair morphology was studied in 8 patients with untreated acute alopecia areata and 3 normal adults without hair loss. Light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct structural differences in the distal end of hairs compared with the remainder of their length and with normal hair shafts. Transverse sections of hairs just below the frayed brush-like tip often displayed asymmetrical cortex disintegration. One side was compact and homogeneous while the other was deeply fissured and/or broken up into discrete heterogeneous-staining fragments of cortical, stratum corneum and cuticular components in addition to apparently degenerate cortex. Many exclamation mark hair tips lacked cuticle and had irregular profiles. Melanin was found in cortical and medullary fragments at the tip, although it was absent in the more degenerate forms of cortex. More proximal sections of these pathognomic telogen hairs revealed nearly normal hair shaft ultrastructure.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2074281&dopt=Abstract
J Cutan Pathol. 1990 Dec;17(6):355-7.
Syringoma-like sweat duct proliferation in scalp alopecias.
Mehregan AH, Mehregan DA.
Pinkus Dermatopathology Laboratory, Monroe, Michigan 48161.
We have reviewed a series of 585 scalp biopsies taken for histologic evaluation of hair loss and have looked for syringoma-like eccrine sweat duct proliferation. This feature was found in 6 specimens with scarring alopecia and one each with alopecia areata and female-pattern alopecia. Syringoma-like sweat duct proliferation appears to play no role in the etiology of hair loss.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2074282&dopt=Abstract
Neth J Med. 1990 Dec;37(5-6):231-5.
Scalp cooling by cold air for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia.
Hillen HF, Breed WP, Botman CJ.
Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven.
A new system is described for cooling the scalp with cold air in order to prevent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Compressed air was cooled by means of a vortex tube built into a hair-drier cap. This system reduced the blood flow in the scalp to 35%, the surface temperature to 14.2 degrees C and the intradermal temperature at hair follicle level to 29.2 degrees C. The low temperature could be kept constant for at least one hour of cooling. By means of comparison, with cryogel packs the lowest epidermal temperature attained was 17.9 degrees C; moreover, once this was reached after 10 min, it rapidly rose again to 20.6 degrees C after 40 min. Forty-eight patients receiving cytostatic treatment for breast cancer were subjected to scalp cooling with the cold air system, starting 15 min before chemotherapy and lasting for 90 min. With the system set at an air temperature of -12 degrees C, the treatment was well tolerated. Of the 13 patients treated with 40 mg/m2 doxorubicin in combination with other cytostatics, 6 had hair loss less than WHO grade 3, in contrast to 1 of 4 patients given cryogel packs. However, patients treated with epirubicin at 75 mg/m2 all showed grade 3 hair loss in spite of air cooling. In view of the possibility of achieving and maintaining low scalp temperatures, the cold air system is to be preferred to cryogel packs. Whether better clinical results may be obtained with cooling for longer periods and/or to lower temperatures remains to be determined.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2074916&dopt=Abstract
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