References: Hair growth and hair loss
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Alopecia areata (AA) is prevalent among children in Kuwait. In this prospective survey we studied 215 children with AA to determine their clinical and epidemiologic features. Ninety-seven percent of the children were of Arab ancestry. Girls outnumbered boys by a 2.5:1 ratio. The peak age of onset was seen between 2 and 6 years of age with a mean age of onset at 5.7 +/- 2.8 years. A majority of the patients (80.5%) had mild disease and extensive disease (more than 50% hair loss) was seen in 13% of the children. A positive family history of AA was obtained in 51.6% of cases and nail changes were seen in 26.5% of the children. The age of onset, a positive family history of AA, and associated atopic disorders were observed to have no influence on the extent and severity of the disease. The results were compared with those reported elsewhere for this age group.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12437546&dopt=Abstract
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A total of 80 Kuwaiti children with alopecia areata (AA), without clinical evidence of thyroid disease, were screened for the presence of thyroid abnormalities, and 50 unrelated children with AA were tissue typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigens. Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 14 children (17.5%). Among these, 11 children (14%) had thyroid autoantibodies. These observations highlight the significance of screening for thyroid abnormalities in children with chronic, recurrent, and/or extensive disease. The Kuwaiti children with AA were observed to have a significant association with HLA B21 (OR 18.850, 95% CI 4.404-80.677), B40 (OR 6.767, 95% CI 1.818-25.181), and HLA B12 (OR 4.833, 95% CI 1.198-19.505) antigens. These findings differed from those reported elsewhere.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12437547&dopt=Abstract
Acta Med Austriaca. 1975;2(4):134-40.
[Side effects in immunosuppressive therapy]
[Article in German]
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61 patients with rheumatoid arthritis received a total of 80 courses of immunosuppressive therapy with one or more of the following substances: azathioprine, chlorambucil, mannitolmustard, cyclophosphamide, procarbazine. The overall results were excellent or good in 50% of the patients. There was a significant correlation between the efficacy of the different substances and the rate of side effects. Azathioprine was best tolerated, but gave only medium results whereas procarbazine, as a very potent drug, had the highest rate of side effects (especially depression of bone marrow, infections, gastrointestinal manifestations etc.). Serious immediate side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy according to our experience and in literature are infections and leucopenia, whereas the most important late risk is the possibility of an occurrence of malignancy. In our series, which had been followed up to five years, no malignancies have been thus far detected. Also, in the literature, there are only very few patients with malignancies published. Therefore the risk of immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatoid arthritis with regards the incidence of malignancies, seems to be relatively small in contrast to the findings in patients with kidney transplants.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1243805&dopt=Abstract
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