References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Jul;119(1):70-6.
Homozygosity mapping of a locus for a novel syndromic ichthyosis to chromosome 3q27-q28.
Baala L, Hadj-Rabia S, Hamel-Teillac D, Hadchouel M, Prost C, Leal SM, Jacquemin E, Sefiani A, De Prost Y, Courtois G, Munnich A, Lyonnet S, Vabres P.
Departement de Genetique et Unite de Recherches sur les Handicaps Genetiques de l'Enfant INSERM U-393, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France.
Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous group of skin disorders characterized by abnormal epidermal scaling. Occasionally, extracutaneous features are associated. A novel autosomal recessive ichthyosis syndrome is described here with scalp hypotrichosis, scarring alopecia, sclerosing cholangitis, and leukocyte vacuolization in two inbred kindreds of Moroccan origin. We also report the mapping of the diseased gene to a 21.2 cM interval of chromosome 3q27-q28. Homo zygosity for polymorphic markers has enabled us to reduce the genetic interval to a 16.2 cM region. Furthermore, comparison of mutant chromosomes in the two families has suggested a common ancestral mutant haplotype. This linkage disequilibrium has reduced the genetic interval encompassing the diseased gene to less than 9.5 cM maximum. Further study of additional families from the same geographic area will hopefully reduce the genetic interval as well as help in the cloning of the gene involved in this rare disorder.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12164927&dopt=Abstract
Dermatol Surg. 2002 Aug;28(8):720-8.
Follicular unit extraction: minimally invasive surgery for hair transplantation.
Rassman WR, Bernstein RM, McClellan R, Jones R, Worton E, Uyttendaele H.
New Hair Institute Medical Group, A Professional Corporation, Los Angeles, California 90035, USA.
BACKGROUND: Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) is performed using large numbers of naturally occuring individual follicular units obtained by single-strip harvesting and stereo-microscopic dissection. Donor wound scarring from strip excision, although an infrequent complication, still concerns enough patients that an alternative solution is warranted. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to introduce Follicular Unit Extraction (The FOX Procedure), in which individual follicular units are removed directly from the donor region through very small punch excisions, and to describe a test (The FOX Test) that determines which patients are candidates for this procedure. This paper explores the nuances, limitations, and practical aspects of Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE). METHODS: FUE was performed using 1-mm punches to separate follicular units from the surrounding tissue down to the level of the mid dermis. This was followed by extraction of the follicular units with forceps. The FOX test was developed to determine which patients would be good candidates for the procedure. The test was performed on 200 patients. Representative patients who were FOX-positive and FOX-negative were studied histologically. RESULTS: The FOX Test can determine which patients are suitable candidates for FUE. Approximately 25% of the patients biopsied were ideal candidates for FUE and 35% of the patients biopsied were good candidates for extraction. CONCLUSION: FUE is a minimally invasive approach to hair transplantation that obviates the need for a linear donor incision. This technique can serve as an important alternative to traditional hair transplantation in certain patients.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12174065&dopt=Abstract
Br J Dermatol. 2002 Aug;147(2):222-9.
Langerhans cells that express matrix metalloproteinase 9 increase in human dermis during sensitization to diphenylcyclopropenone in patients with alopecia areata.
Heffler LC, Kastman AL, Jacobsson Ekman G, Scheynius A, Fransson J.
Unit of Clinical Allergy Research, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital and Institutet, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
BACKGROUND: We know little of the initial events during the sensitization phase of contact allergy in humans. Alopecia areata (AA), a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by patchy hair loss, may be treated by inducing contact allergy to diphenylcyclopropenone (DPC), later followed by its topical application. OBJECTIVES: To learn more about the initial events during sensitization in human skin, we studied the early events during induction of contact allergy to DPC in patients with AA. METHODS: DPC 2% and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) 4% were applied on the backs of eight patients with AA. Punch biopsies were taken 6 and 24 h after application. The biopsies were snap-frozen and cryostat sections were evaluated with immunohistochemistry using antibodies against CD1a, HLA-DR, CD3, CD54 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). RESULTS: After 24 h all subjects exhibited erythema on the DPC-treated areas. Histological evaluation of biopsies from these areas showed hydropic degeneration and a significantly increased number of MMP-9+ cells in the dermis (P < 0.0005). The MMP-9+ cells were identified with double immunofluorescence staining as CD1a + Langerhans cells. The expression of the other markers studied remained unaltered irrespective of treatment, including treatment with SLS. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that DPC induces an irritant reaction leading to an increased number of MMP-9+ CD1a+ cells in the dermis during the initial phase of sensitization.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12174091&dopt=Abstract
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