References: Hair growth and hair loss
h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Alopecia areata has been reported to be accompanied by abnormal autoimmune dysfunction. We examined the expression of cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), which is a skin-specific lymphocyte homing receptor, in the peripheral blood lymphocytes and skin of patients with alopecia areata. In the patients' peripheral blood, the percentage of CLA-positive CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes, was significantly higher than that of normal controls. The patients with severe or progressive alopecia areata showed a much higher CLA-positivity compared to patients recovering from the disease. A chronological study showed that the percentage of CLA-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4 + or CD8 + lymphocytes decreased in parallel with the patients' good clinical course. The CLA-positivity in peripheral blood lymphocytes, CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes of patients with alopecia areata who did not respond to oral corticosteroid therapy remained higher than in those who responded well to the treatment. In the affected scalp skin, many infiltrating lymphocytes around the hair follicles, which were CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes, expressed CLA. These findings suggest that the CLA-positivity correlates with clinical activity and that CLA-positive CD4+ or CD8+ lymphocytes may play an important role in alopecia areata.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12125957&dopt=Abstract
Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1999 Mar;126(3):243-6.
[Pilotropic T-cell lymphoma without mucinosis: 5 new cases]
[Article in French]
Azar J, Bouloc A, Beylot-Barry M, Vergier B, Vaillant L, de Muret A, Wechsler J, Bagot M.
Service de Dermatologie, Hopital Henri-Mondor, Creteil.
BACKGROUND: Pilotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas without mucinosis are rare, with 27 cases previously reported. Diagnosis and classification may be difficult. The clinical course and histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in 5 patients are described. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were selected from the register of the French Study Group for cutaneous lymphomas. The criteria for inclusion were clinical pilofollicular manifestations and histological features of pilotropic T-cell lymphoma without mucinosis. RESULTS: Five patients were selected. The most frequent clinical manifestations were follicular keratosis, alopecia and follicular papules. Typical lesions of mycosis fongoides were present for several years in 3 patients, and lymphomatoid papulosis preexisted in one patient. Histopathological analysis showed an infiltrate composed of CD3+ and CD4+ atypical lymphocytes involving the follicular epithelium with alteration of the hair follicle walls. Epidermotropism was associated with pilotropism and situated near the follicular lesions or farther apart. Alcian blue stains results were negative in all specimens. PCR studies showed the presence of a T-cell clone in the skin lesions in all cases. COMMENTS: Diagnosis of pilotropic cutaneous T cell lymphomas without mucinosis may be difficult in case of discrete epidermotropism, minimal infiltrate or involvement of the follicular epithelium. Pilotropism could define a particular variant of T-cell lymphomas.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10394437&dopt=Abstract
Hautarzt. 1975 Jul;26(7):367-9.
[Penetration and side effects of local estrogen application in alopecia androgenetica]
[Article in German]
Orfanos CE, Wustner H.
In 30 male patients aged 17-37 with definite androgenetic ("male pattern") alopecia (AA, telogen hair rate greater than 20%) the total urinary estrogen level was estimated before and after topical treatment: In 18 patients estrogen in a alcoholic vehicle (0.05% dienestroldiacetate) was daily applied on the scalp skin; whereas 12 patients were treated with a corresponding preparation without estrogen and served as controls. Before treatment the average estrogen level of all patients with AA was 23.3 mum/24 hrs (individual data ranged from 9.4-45.6 mum/24 hrs) and was thus slightly elevated but still within the normal range. 3 and 6 months after treatment no significant differences of the urinary estrogen level were found between the controlled patients of the two groups and, similarly, no clinical side-effects of the estrogen application (gynecomasty etc.) were recorded. It seems, on the basis of this study, that a long-term topical treatment with estrogen does not involve considerable risks regarding side-effects on male adults, in contrast to children and youngsters. On the assumption that estrogen may be effective in AA, a local mechanism of action on the hair follicle is considered.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1213890&dopt=Abstract
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