References: Hair growth and hair loss
mdanderson.org
Four adult mutant nackt mice, which demonstrate alopecia and CD4+ T-cell deficiency, and two outbred SENCAR mice (sentinels) were presented for routine health surveillance. Lesions were not observed at necropsy. Microscopically, all four nackt mice demonstrated multiple concretions that were 30-100 microm in diameter, irregularly rounded to oval, nonbirefringent, and amphophilic to basophilic. Many of the concretions appeared attached to or within the alveolar walls of all lung lobes. Approximately half of the concretions had irregular fracture lines. All concretions were periodic acid-Schiff positive, and Von Kassa staining revealed diffuse calcification. None of the concretions were associated with inflammatory cell infiltrates, and metaplastic ossification was not evident. A diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis, a rare disease in both humans and animals, was made based on the size and location of the concretions and the lack of an inflammatory response. This is the first report of a laboratory mouse demonstrating pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12014504&dopt=Abstract
Oncologist. 1998;3(2):86-93.
Taxotere: Clinical Trials in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
Ornstein DL, Rigas JR.
Thoracic Oncology Program, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Section of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756-0001, USA.
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens of the 1980s have shown a small but significant impact on survival for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). New agents, including docetaxel, have shown encouraging single-agent activity in this disease. This potent microtubule stabilizing agent was selected for clinical development based on its preclinical superiority to paclitaxel. Three hundred twenty-eight (328) patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC have been enrolled in seven phase II trials of 100 mg/m² of docetaxel administered intravenously every 21 days. Four of the trials enrolled 160 chemotherapy-naive patients, and three of the trials enrolled 168 patients who failed prior platinum-containing chemotherapy. The antitumor response rate for 160 chemotherapy-naive patients was 27% (95% confidence interval: 20%-34%) with a median survival time of 9.2 months and for 168 platinum-treated patients, 17% (95% confidence interval: 11%-23%). Alopecia, fluid retention, infusion-related reactions, leukopenia, onycholysis, and rash were adverse events observed in these trials. Dexamethasone premedication lessens the frequency and severity of fluid retention, infusion-related reactions, and rash. Docetaxel demonstrates significant antitumor activity in chemotherapy-naive and platinum-treated patients with NSCLC. Trials of docetaxel in combination with carboplatin, cisplatin, vinorelbine, gemcitabine, irinotecan, and thoracic radiation and as primary chemotherapy for stage III NSCLC are in progress.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10388089&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Med Hypotheses. 2002 Apr;58(4):261-3.
Hormone-induced aberrations in electromagnetic adhesion signaling as a developmental factor of androgenetic alopecia.
Matilainen VA, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM.
Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland.
In androgenetic alopecia, overactivation of the androgen hormone cascade in genetically predisposed persons leads to miniaturization of the dermal papilla of the hair follicle and to reduction in the number of papilla cells in the scalp, but the mechanisms explaining this miniaturization have remained unclear. According to our hypothesis, the increase of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) production in the overactive androgen state inhibits cell mitosis in the dermal papilla and contributes to the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Normally, DNA molecules have a negative charge, which doubles in every cell mitosis. In the catagen and telogen phases, the sulphur-rich hair moves upwards, dehydrates and develops an increasing positive charge. In a normal hair-growth cycle, the epithelial column shortens and the secondary germ is formed and it invaginates the dermal papilla by electromagnetic attraction. In the mitotic inhibition state induced by DHT, the negative charge decreases, leading to a weakening of the electromagnetic adhesion forces and weaker electrical attraction between the undifferentiated germ cells and the dermal papilla. Insulin resistance has an additional pathogenic role in the excessive miniaturization of the hair follicle. The vasoactive substances associated with endothelial dysfunction in insulin resistance induce microcirculatory disturbance, perifollicular vasoconstriction and stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the vascular wall. This leads to microvascular insufficiency and local tissue hypoxia and progressive miniaturization of hair follicles. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12027516&dopt=Abstract
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