References: Hair growth and hair loss
Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 May;79(3):214-6.
Quantitative image analysis of hair follicles in alopecia areata.
Kim IH, Jo HY, Cho CG, Choi HC, Oh CH.
Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
We took biopsies from similar sites on the scalps of normal controls, normal looking and hair loss areas of patients with alopecia areata. The specimens were sectioned serially and horizontally. We measured morphological parameters, such as the diameter of the hair shaft, the thickness of the inner root sheath, the diameter of the outer root sheath, the irregularity of the outer root sheath and the ratio between the diameters of the hair shaft and the outer root sheath, using a computerized image analysis system. There were significant differences in 5 parameters between hair loss areas and normal controls. The proportions of vellus and telogen hair were significantly higher in the areata areas than in the controls. The 5 morphological parameters and most quantitative-measured parameters of normal-looking areas from patients with alopecia values intermediate between the other groups.
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Br J Dermatol. 2002 Apr;146(4):601-8.
The hairless gene in androgenetic alopecia: results of a systematic mutation screening and a family-based association approach.
Hillmer AM, Kruse R, Macciardi F, Heyn U, Betz RC, Ruzicka T, Propping P, Nothen MM, Cichon S.
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Wilhelmstrasse 31, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
BACKGROUND: Genetic disposition and androgen dependence are important characteristics of the common patterned loss of scalp hair known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The genetic factors contributing to AGA are currently unknown. The human hairless gene (HR) has recently been cloned and mutations have been reported in families with autosomal recessive universal congenital alopecia and papular atrichia. The main feature of these disorders is persistent complete absence of hair at or shortly after birth. This suggests that HR is essential and specific for the development of hair. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that HR may be involved in AGA. METHODS: We systematically screened HR for genetic variability by means of single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA) in 46 unrelated men with AGA. To test for an involvement of HR in the development of AGA, seven common variants were genotyped in 61 families with 93 affected offspring. The results were analysed with the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). RESULTS: SSCA showed 15 single nucleotide substitutions: eight missense mutations, four silent mutations and three mutations in exon-flanking intronic sequences. TDT results showed a marginally significant association between AGA and variants 3379-29G/T (P = 0.024) and 2611-68C/T (P = 0.047). These results, however, did not remain significant after applying the conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not provide evidence for a strong involvement of HR in the development of AGA, although a minor role cannot be fully excluded.
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Life Sci Space Res. 1980;18:131-42.
Late degeneration in rabbit tissues after irradiation by heavy ions.
Lett JT, Cox AB, Keng PC, Lee AC, Su CM, Bergtold DS.
Department of Radiology and Radiation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
In 1974, using the rabbit as a model, we began long-term experiments designed to help in the evaluation of the hazards to man from extended exposure to heavy ions in space. Such exposure would occur, for example, during the construction of solar power stations in stationary orbits or on round trips to Mars. Our experiments with 400 MeV/nucleon Ne ions and 570 MeV/nucleon Ar ions have shown that true late effects of a degenerative nature are manifested only years after irradiation. At the appropriate doses (the high end of the experimental dose range), the magnitudes of the late effects are comparable with those encountered in human patients given radiation therapy with neutrons. Such comparisons show that the rabbit experiments are applicable to man. Given that basis, the results from the low end of the experimental dose range lead to the conclusion that astronauts subjected to the radiation fluxes anticipated during flights of the above duration could experience late radiation effects one or more decades after exposure. Late degenerative changes will occur in tissues of the central nervous system, terminally differentiating systems and stem cell populations. The studies also indicate that individual tissues may be "prematurely aged" by radiation in the sense that the "life spans" of those tissues can be decreased without the appearance of malignancies.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11968209&dopt=Abstract
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