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References: Hair growth and hair loss

J Cosmet Sci. 2002 Jan-Feb;53(1):35-42.
Influence of vehicles on the phase transitions of model sebum.

Motwani MR, Rhein LD, Zatz JL.

Therics Inc., 115 Campus Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.

It is hypothesized that vehicles that are miscible with sebum may concentrate drugs in the sebaceous follicle. This is important for the treatment of diseases like alopecia and acne. The main objective of the study was to identify different vehicles that affect the thermal behavior of sebum using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). For this purpose, a model sebum mixture was prepared based on a composition reported in the literature. The test vehicle was added in a concentration of 15% of the weight of the sebum. Small portions of the above mixture were put in a pre-weighed DSC pan. These were run from -50 to 100 degrees C at 5 degrees C/minute. In the model sebum, four distinct transitions were observed: Mp-1 and Mp-2 occurred below 0 degrees C while Mp-3 and Mp-4 occurred above 30 degrees C. Vehicles that affected Mp-3 and Mp-4 were considered for further analysis. From the vehicles tested it was found that the hydrophobic materials were more effective in lowering Mp-3, while the ones that affected Mp-4 did not show any particular trend. Some of the vehicles tested are known skin permeation enhancers, and it is proposed that they interact with sebum and increase permeation by the follicular route. It was found that DSC may be used to identify vehicles that are miscible with sebum and that may deliver drugs preferentially to the sebaceous follicle.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11917254&dopt=Abstract

J Invest Dermatol. 2002 Apr;118(4):631-8.
Targeted expression of human vitamin d receptor in the skin promotes the initiation of the postnatal hair follicle cycle and rescues the alopecia in vitamin D receptor null mice.

Kong J, Li XJ, Gavin D, Jiang Y, Li YC.

Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.

Alopecia is a predominant feature of vitamin D receptor inactivation in mice and humans. To determine the role of vitamin D receptor in the regulation of hair growth directly, we used the human keratin 14 promoter to target human vitamin D receptor expression to the skin of transgenic mice, and generated vitamin D receptor null mice that express the human vitamin D receptor transgene. Parallel studies were carried out in littermates of wild-type, vitamin D receptor null, transgenic, and human vitamin D receptor-expressing null mice in two transgenic lines. The transgenic mice were grossly normal. The vitamin D receptor null and vitamin D receptor null/human vitamin D receptor mice were growth retarded and developed hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and rickets. In contrast to the vitamin D receptor null mice that developed alopecia, however, the vitamin D receptor null/human vitamin D receptor mice displayed a normal hair coat, and their hair shaft and skin histology were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type mice. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the human vitamin D receptor was highly expressed in the basal layer of the epidermis and outer root sheath of the hair follicle. During follicular morphogenesis, no major histologic differences were seen in the skin of wild-type, vitamin D receptor null, transgenic, and vitamin D receptor null/human vitamin D receptor littermates. When anagen was induced by hair depilation at day 20 after birth, the vitamin D receptor null mice failed to initiate the hair cycle, whereas the vitamin D receptor null/human vitamin D receptor mice displayed the same pattern of anagen follicle formation as the wild-type mice. Interestingly, the transgenic mice initiated the follicular cycle earlier than the wild-type and vitamin D receptor null/human vitamin D receptor mice in a gene concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, these data provide direct evidence that vitamin D receptor is required for the initiation of the postnatal hair follicular cycle in mice.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11918709&dopt=Abstract

Genomics. 1999 Mar 1;56(2):141-8.
Genomic organization of the human hairless gene (HR) and identification of a mutation underlying congenital atrichia in an Arab Palestinian family.

Ahmad W, Zlotogorski A, Panteleyev AA, Lam H, Ahmad M, ul Haque MF, Abdallah HM, Dragan L, Christiano AM.

Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.

Congenital atrichia is a rare form of hereditary human hair loss, characterized by the complete shedding of hair shortly after birth, together with the formation of papular lesions on the skin. Recently, we cloned the human homolog of the mouse hairless gene and identified pathogenic mutations in several families with inherited congenital atrichia. Here, we present the genomic organization of the human hairless gene (HGMW-approved symbol HR), which spans over 14 kb on chromosome 8p12 and is organized into 19 exons. In addition, we report the identification of a 22-bp deletion mutation in exon 3 of the hairless gene in a large consanguineous Arab Palestinian family from a village near Jerusalem, Israel. These findings extend the body of evidence implicating mutations in the hairless gene as an underlying cause of congenital atrichia in humans. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10051399&dopt=Abstract

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