References: Hair growth and hair loss
J Cutan Pathol. 1997 Mar;24(3):164-8.
Alopecia areata but not androgenetic alopecia is characterized by a restricted and oligoclonal T-cell receptor-repertoire among infiltrating lymphocytes.
Dressel D, Brutt CH, Manfras B, Zollner TM, Wunderlich A, Bohm BO, Boehncke WH.
Department of Dermatology, University of Ulm, Germany.
Although the etiology of alopecia areata is still unknown, evidence has accumulated to support an autoimmune pathogenesis for this disease. To evaluate the role of T cells in alopecia areata the T-cell receptor VB-repertoire was investigated in lesional skin and blood of 5 patients by means of a semiquantitative technique based on the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Three patients with androgenetic alopecia served as controls. Amplification products were screened for clonality by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Four of 5 patients with alopecia areata exhibited a lesional T-cell receptor-repertoire characterized by an almost exclusive utilization of variable regions beta 2, 4, and 13. Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis revealed the oligoclonal constitution of the infiltrate. The restricted nature of the lesional T-lymphocytic infiltrate in alopecia areata strongly suggests that an antigen-specific T-cell response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9085152&dopt=Abstract
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1997 Mar;24(5):569-72.
[Ifosfamide chemotherapy ineffective for advanced pancreatic carcinoma]
[Article in Japanese]
Fujiki T, Futatsuki K, Akazawa S, Yamamoto K, Kanda Y, Yamato A, Terashi K, Suda Y.
Dept. of Gastroenterology, Saitama Cancer Center Hospital.
Ifosfamide chemotherapy was studied in 20 patients with advanced pancreatic carcinoma. It was administered at a dose of 1.2-1.5 g/body/day for 5 consecutive days every 3-4 weeks, and the patients treated over 2 courses were registered in our trial. Eleven patients had not received prior chemotherapy. Results achieved were as follows: PR in one patient, NC in 9 patients, and PD in 10 patients. The response rate was 5% and the median survival time was 17 weeks. Toxic effects included anorexia (80%), nausea and vomiting (65%), alopecia (20%), mental disturbance (20%), granulocytopenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (5%), and no renalurological disturbance. We concluded that ifosfamide was not effective for chemotherapy of advanced pancreatic carcinoma.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9087289&dopt=Abstract
chimorg.unifi.it
Steroid 5alpha-reductase is a system of two isozymes (5alphaR-1 and 5alphaR-2) which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in many androgen sensitive tissues and which is related to several human endocrine diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic cancer, acne, alopecia, pattern baldness in men and hirsutism in women. The discovery of new potent and selective 5alphaR inhibitors is thus of great interest for pharmaceutical treatment of these diseases. The synthesis of a novel class of inhibitors for human 5alphaR-1 and 5alphaR-2, having the 19-nor-10-azasteroid skeleton, is described. The inhibitory potency of the 19-nor-10-azasteroids was determined in homogenates of human hypertrophic prostates toward 5alphaR-2 and in DU-145 human prostatic adenocarcinoma cells toward 5alphaR-1, in comparison with finasteride (IC50 = 3 nM for 5alphaR-2 and approximately 42 nM for 5alphaR-1), a drug which is currently used for BPH treatment. The inhibition potency was dependent on the type of substituent at position 17 and on the presence and position of the unsaturation in the A and C rings. delta9(11)-19-Nor-10-azaandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (or 10-azaestra-4,9(11)-diene-3,17-dione) (4a) and 19-nor-10-azaandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione (5) were weak inhibitors of 5alphaR-2 (IC50 = 4.6 and 4.4 microM, respectively) but more potent inhibitors of 5alphaR-1 (IC50 = 263 and 299 nM, respectively), whereas 19-nor-10-aza-5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione (7) was inactive for both the isoenzymes. The best result was achieved with the 9:1 mixture of delta9(11)- and delta8(9)-17beta-(N-tert-butylcarbamoyl)-19-nor-10-aza-4- androsten-3-one (10a,b) which was a good inhibitor of 5alphaR-1 and 5alphaR-2 (IC50 = 127 and 122 nM, respectively), with a potency very close to that of finasteride. The results of ab initio calculations suggest that the inhibition potency of 19-nor-10-azasteroids could be directly related to the nucleophilicity of the carbonyl group in the 3-position.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9089333&dopt=Abstract
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