DreamPharm Products:
J Control Release. 2003 Apr 29;89(2):189-97.
Application of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes for oral vaccine: effect of lipid dose on systemic and mucosal immunity.
Minato S, Iwanaga K, Kakemi M, Yamashita S, Oku N.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and COE Program in the 21st Century, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 52-1 Yada, 422 8526, Shizuoka, Japan. ok-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
To examine the systemic and mucosal immunity towards a liposomal antigen in an oral vaccine, we prepared ovalbumin (OVA)-encapsulating polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes and unmodified ones, and orally administered two different concentrations of them to mice. Unmodified liposomes tended to induce a stronger systemic immune response than the PEG-modified ones especially at the higher concentration of liposomes. Whereas at the lower liposome concentration the mucosal immune response was stronger for the PEG-modified liposomes than for the unmodified ones but nearly the same at the higher concentration. The relative amount of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against OVA in the plasma was 1.7-fold higher for a 12.5 micro mol phospholipid dose of PEG-liposomes encapsulating OVA than for a 5.0 micro mol one encapsulating the same amount of OVA. On the contrary, the relative amount of IgA in the intestinal wash was 2.6-fold higher for the 5.0 micro mol phospholipid dose than for the 12.5 micro mol one. These results indicate that OVA encapsulated in a small number of liposomes, especially the PEG-modified ones, is favorable for inducing a mucosal immune response and that the same amount of OVA in a large number of liposomes tends to improve the systemic immune response. A possible explanation for this tendency is the differential release rate of OVA from the liposomes at the intestinal mucosa. Our present study suggests that the dose of liposomes containing antigen is an important factor for controlling the response of systemic and mucosal immune systems.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12711443&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003 Apr;27(4):670-6.
Reduction of Perforin, Granzyme B, and Cytokine Interferon gamma by Ethanol in Male Fischer 344 Rats.
Dokur M, Boyadjieva NI, Sarkar DK.
BACKGROUNDChronic alcohol consumption can impair the immune system and predispose individuals to an increased risk of cancer and infection. Natural killer (NK) cells are the first line of defense against viral, bacterial, and fungal infections and play an important role in cellular resistance to malignancy and tumor metastasis. We have shown previously that ethanol administration suppresses NK cell cytolytic activity in male Fischer rats. This study analyzed the effects of ethanol on perforin, granzyme B, and the cytokine interferon (IFN)-gamma, factors that modulate NK cell cytolytic activity, to understand the molecular mechanism involved in ethanol's suppression of NK cell activity.METHODSA group of male Fischer rats was fed an ethanol-containing diet (8.7% v/v), whereas a control group was pair-fed an isocaloric diet. At the end of 2 weeks, animals were decapitated, and spleen tissues were immediately removed and used for analysis of NK cell cytolytic activity, perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-gamma messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein levels. The mRNA levels of perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-gamma were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of these factors were analyzed by Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, or enzymatic activity assay.RESULTSEthanol reduced the NK cell cytolytic activity and decreased the mRNA expression of perforin, granzyme B, and IFN-gamma in ethanol-fed animals when compared with pair-fed animals. Ethanol also significantly reduced the protein levels of perforin and IFN-gamma and the enzyme activity of granzyme B in alcohol-fed animals as compared with pair-fed animals.CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that chronic ethanol consumption may suppress NK cell cytolytic activity in male Fischer rats by decreasing the production, activity, or both of granzyme B, perforin, and IFN-gamma.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12711929&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Lik Sprava. 2003 Jan-Feb;(1):27-30.
[Use of immune and cytogenetic tests to assess the effect of different anthropogenic factors on the human organism in a large industrial region setting]
[Article in Russian]
Koveshnikov VG, Bariliak IR, Vovk IuN, Frolov VM.
A feasibility is analyzed of our using a complex of immunological and cytogenetic investigations to assess the impact of adverse factors of antropogenic origination, chemical and radiation ones in particular, on the immune system and genetic apparatus in those persons residing under conditions of a large industrial region. Identified in the above subjects was the presence of different variants of secondary immunological insufficiency, chromosome and chromatid aberrations in liquidators of the effects of the Chornobyl accident, workers of chemicals--, by-product coke plants, and metallurgical works, the degree of the above insufficiency being decided by ecological conditions of residence, presence of occupational hazards, their nature, and duration of exposure.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12712604&dopt=Abstract
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 1999 Jan 30;28(1):18-20.
[Effects of cooking oil fume condensate on cellular immunity and immunosurveillance in mice]
[Article in Chinese]
Zhang W, Zhao X, Lei Z, Song X.
Institute of Environmental Health Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing 100021, China.
Rapeseed oil fume, soyabean oil fume and salad oil fume condensate were injected respectively to female Kunming mice. The results showed that, compared to control group, in mice exposed to low level of rapeseed oil fume condensate, the delayed hypersensitivity responses were inhibited, while in mice exposed to high level of that, the delayed hypersensitivity responses and the NK cells activity were inhibited. In mice exposed to high level of soyabean oil fume condensate the delayed hypersensitivity responses, the NK cells activity and CaM activity were inhibited. The results of these parameters were all statistically significantly different from those in control mice. In mice exposed to low level of salad oil fume condensation, the delayed hypersensitivity responses and the NK cells activity were significantly inhibited. The results indicated that cooking oil fume could affect immune system of animals.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12712739&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2002 Dec 10;18(18):1395-406.
Characterizing immune reconstitution after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy in pediatric AIDS.
Resino S, Correa R, Bellon JM, Sanchez-Ramon S, Munoz-Fernandez MA.
Department of Immunology, General University Hospital Gregorio Maranon, 28007 Madrid, Spain.
In this study, we sought to characterize the T lymphocyte recovery in vertically HIV-1-infected children who respond to long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). A 3-year longitudinal retrospective study was used to perform a cross-sectional study of 32 children rated according to the time course of CD4(+) T cell percentages in response to antiretroviral therapy and CDC clinical classification: (1) long-term asymptomatic (LTA group): 8 children in A1 during the whole follow-up period; (2) responsive to HAART (Rec group): 13 children in C3 before HAART who achieved CD4(+) T cell counts of > 500 cells/mm(3) after 3 years of HAART; and (3) nonresponsive to HAART (Non-Rec group): 11 children in C3 during the whole follow-up period despite 3 years of HAART. We also studied 17 healthy age-matched uninfected children as controls. Lymphoproliferative responses (LPRs) were evaluated by incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine, identification of T cell subsets by three-color flow cytometry, and determination of thymic production of T cells by quantification of T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). Interestingly, the Rec group showed an increase in percentage of CD4(+) T cells and a decrease in viral load, and recovered LPRs to mitogens and recall antigens, with values similar to those of the LTA group. Moreover, the Rec group produced similar percentages and absolute counts of naive (CD45RA(+)CD62L(+)) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and TRECs similar to those of the LTA group. In particular, the Rec group produced similar percentages of CD8(+)CD28(-)CD57(+) and CD8(+)CD28(-)CD57(-) T cell subsets compared with controls. Our data indicate that among children who have already progressed to AIDS and severe immunodeficiency but who respond to HAART, the immune system can recover and resemble those of nonprogressors or even uninfected children, in quantitative as well as in functional terms.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12487811&dopt=Abstract
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