DreamPharm Products:
Nat Med. 2002 Dec;8(12):1433-7. Epub 2002 Nov 11.
T cells require TRAIL for optimal graft-versus-tumor activity.
Schmaltz C, Alpdogan O, Kappel BJ, Muriglan SJ, Rotolo JA, Ongchin J, Willis LM, Greenberg AS, Eng JM, Crawford JM, Murphy GF, Yagita H, Walczak H, Peschon JJ, van den Brink MR.
Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that exhibits specific tumoricidal activity against a variety of tumors. It is expressed on different cells of the immune system and plays a role in natural killer cell-mediated tumor surveillance. In allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation, the reactivity of the donor T cell against malignant cells is essential for the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Cytolytic activity of T cells is primarily mediated through the Fas-Fas ligand and perforin-granzyme pathways. However, T cells deficient for both Fas ligand and perforin can still exert GVT activity in vivo in mouse models. To uncover a potential role for TRAIL in donor T cell-mediated GVT activity, we compared donor T cells from TRAIL-deficient and wild-type mice in clinically relevant mouse bone-marrow transplantation models. We found that alloreactive T cells can express TRAIL, but the absence of TRAIL had no effect on their proliferative and cytokine response to alloantigens. TRAIL-deficient T cells showed significantly lower GVT activity than did TRAIL-expressing T cells, but no important differences in graft-versus-host disease, a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, were observed. These data suggest that strategies to enhance TRAIL-mediated GVT activity could decrease relapse rates of malignancies after hematopoietic cell transplantation without exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12426560&dopt=Abstract
Nat Immunol. 2002 Dec;3(12):1142-9. Epub 2002 Nov 11.
Selective associations with signaling proteins determine stimulatory versus costimulatory activity of NKG2D.
Diefenbach A, Tomasello E, Lucas M, Jamieson AM, Hsia JK, Vivier E, Raulet DH.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA.
Optimal lymphocyte activation requires the simultaneous engagement of stimulatory and costimulatory receptors. Stimulatory immunoreceptors are usually composed of a ligand-binding transmembrane protein and noncovalently associated signal-transducing subunits. Here, we report that alternative splicing leads to two distinct NKG2D polypeptides that associate differentially with the DAP10 and KARAP (also known as DAP12) signaling subunits. We found that differential expression of these isoforms and of signaling proteins determined whether NKG2D functioned as a costimulatory receptor in the adaptive immune system (CD8+ T cells) or as both a primary recognition structure and a costimulatory receptor in the innate immune system (natural killer cells and macrophages). This strategy suggests a rationale for the multisubunit structure of stimulatory immunoreceptors.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12426565&dopt=Abstract
Avian Pathol. 2002 Oct;31(5):449-61.
Immunosuppressive effects of Marek's disease virus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in broiler chickens and the protective effect of HVT vaccination against MDV challenge.
Islam AF, Wong CW, Walkden-Brown SW, Colditz IG, Arzey KE, Groves PJ.
Animal Science, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia. fislaetz.une.edu.au
Much of the impact of Marek's disease in broiler chickens is considered to be due to immunosuppression induced by Marek's disease virus (MDV). The present study evaluates the effects of an Australian isolate of pathogenic MDV (strain MPF 57) and a non-pathogenic vaccinal strain of herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) (strain FC 126) on the immune system of commercial broiler chickens for 35 days following challenge at days 0 or 3 of age. It also investigates the extent of protection provided by HVT vaccine against MDV-induced immunosuppression. Immune system variables, including relative lymphoid organ weight, blood lymphocyte phenotype (CD45+/CD3+, putatively T, and CD45+/LC+, putatively B) and antibody production following vaccination against infectious bronchitis (IB) at hatch, were used to assess the immune status of chickens. Immunosuppression was also assessed by susceptibility to secondary challenge with pathogenic Escherichia coli on day 29 post-MDV challenge. MDV infection reduced the weight of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, the numbers of circulating T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, and IB antibody titre. The timing of these effects varied. MDV infection greatly increased susceptibility to E. coli infection. HVT alone caused mild depletion of T and B lymphocytes but no effect on immune organ weight or IB titre. Vaccination with HVT provided good protection against most of the immunosuppressive effects of MDV but not against MDV-induced growth impairment and reduced responsiveness to IB vaccination, suggesting that recent Australian strains of MDV may be evolving in virulence to overcome the protective effects of HVT.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12427339&dopt=Abstract
Blood. 2003 May 15;101(10):4005-12. Epub 2003 Jan 16.
Beta 2-microglobulin as a negative regulator of the immune system: high concentrations of the protein inhibit in vitro generation of functional dendritic cells.
Xie J, Wang Y, Freeman ME 3rd, Barlogie B, Yi Q.
Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Two common features in human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma are elevated serum levels of beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) and activation or inhibition of the immune system. We hypothesized that beta(2)M at high concentrations may have a negative impact on the immune system. In this study, we examined the effects of beta(2)M on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). The addition of beta(2)M (more than 10 microg/mL) to the cultures reduced cell yield, inhibited the up-regulation of surface expression of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC, CD1a, and CD80, diminished their ability to activate T cells, and compromised generation of the type-1 T-cell response induced in allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reaction. Compared with control MoDCs, beta(2)M-treated cells produced more interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10. beta(2)M-treated cells expressed significantly fewer surface CD83, HLA-ABC, costimulatory molecules, and adhesion molecules and were less potent at stimulating allospecific T cells after an additional 48-hour culture in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta. During cell culture, beta(2)M down-regulated the expression of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and mitogen-induced extracellular kinase (MEK), inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and activated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in treated cells, all of which are involved in cell differentiation and proliferation. Thus, our study demonstrates that beta(2)M at high concentrations retards the generation of MoDCs, which may involve down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, inactivation of Raf/MEK/ERK cascade and NF-kappaB, and activation of STAT3, and it merits further study to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12531797&dopt=Abstract
J Dairy Sci. 2002 Nov;85(11):2733-42.
Immunomodulating effects of peptidic fractions issued from milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus.
LeBlanc JG, Matar C, Valdez JC, LeBlanc J, Perdigon G.
Departement de Chimie et Biochimie, Universite de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada EIA 3E9.
The effect of peptides released during the fermentation of milk on the humoral immune system and on fibrosarcoma growth was studied. Lactobacillus helveticus was able to release peptidic compounds during milk fermentation due to its high proteolytic activity, as was shown by the degree of proteolysis and size-exclusion HPLC elution profiles. Three fractions of these compounds were separated and fed to mice during different periods (2, 5, and 7 d). The humoral immune response was assessed by following the number of IgA-secreting cells, and the antitumor activity was monitored by studying the regression of subcutaneously implanted fibrosarcomas. Feeding during 2 and 7 d with the medium-sized fraction (Fraction II) significantly increased the IgA-producing cells in the intestines, whereas feeding with the large compound fraction (Fraction I) during 5 d and the small compound fraction (Fraction III) during all three feeding periods provided similar increases. A double dose of Fraction II showed the highest IgA-producing cell count. The increase by Fraction III was shown to be caused by the presence of L-Tryptophan. Fraction II significantly decreased the size of fibrosarcoma when previously fed during 7 d, and feeding with Fraction I during 5 d decreased significantly its size after 35 d of growth. Although the mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria enhance the immune system are not clear, this study clearly shows that bioactive compounds released in fermented milks contribute to the immunoenhancing and antitumor properties of these products. The release of bioactive peptides by lactic acid bacteria can have important implications on the modulation of the cellular immune response.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12487440&dopt=Abstract
Natural Herbal Supplement: Hair Million
The most ostensive feature that distinguishes us human from chimps and other primates is the lack of bodily hair. During evolutionary process, we have lost the majority of hair. Hair is no longer a biologically essential part of our body, just
like appendix. The hair we still have on our scalp and a few other bodily parts is still regarded as significant for reasons other than biological necessity. Hair loss is naturally accompanied by aging process, although the extent of hair loss and the timing of onset vary widely among individuals. Thus, loss of hair and baldness is considered as a symbol of maturity or old age. Like winkles and other signs of aging, hair loss is not welcome by most people, because we don't welcome aging, and being perceived as an aging person. However, it is alopecia, or premature hair loss that especially concerns certain people.
While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalance, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness.
Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Propecia may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.
DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones)
or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.
Our bodies produce decreasing amount of DHEA as we get older.
various health benefits: To deter aging,
improve sexual function/erectile dysfunction, treat cognitive decline, enhance athletic performance,
facilitate weight loss, improve strength, prevent osteoporosis, enhance immunomodulation for rheumatic conditions,
and treat depression.
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