DreamPharm Products:
Clin Chim Acta. 2002 Jul;321(1-2):11-6.
Variation of adhesion molecule expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells upon multiple cytokine application.
Raab M, Daxecker H, Markovic S, Karimi A, Griesmacher A, Mueller MM.
Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Cardiothoracic Research, Kaiser-Franz-Josef Hospital, Kundratstrasse 3, A-1100, Vienna, Austria. other_mahoo.de
BACKGROUND: A variety of cytokines, mediators, activators, growth factors and other products are simultaneously released into circulation with the activation of the cellular immune system during rejection or infection. The secretion of these biochemical markers potentiates the immunological events associated with these processes. Among other things some cytokines demonstrate regulatory effects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. METHOD: Endothelial cells are detached by trypsinisation and adhesion molecule expression is assessed by means of flow cytometry. Fluorescence-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibodies directed against VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PECAM-1, CD34, E- and P-selectin are used. RESULTS: The combined application of different cytokines synergistically evokes P-selectin expression after a chosen incubation period of 16 h, while under single cytokine treatment P-selectin induction is not observed. Co-stimulation with TNF-alpha and a second cytokine reduces its influence on E-selectin. IL-1 beta/IFN-gamma lead to E-selectin levels higher than those under treatment with one of the both alone. Concomitant incubation with all cytokines synergistically down-regulates PECAM-1 referred to each cytokine alone. CONCLUSION: Our investigations in some cases clearly demonstrate that the combination of a second cytokine with TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta or IFN-gamma can either synergistically or antagonistically modulate the expression of adhesion molecules on HUVECs.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12031586&dopt=Abstract
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002 Jun;17(6):1070-80.
Long-term therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin decreases percentage of CD152(+) lymphocytes in primary glomerulonephritis haemodialysis patients.
Trzonkowski P, Mysliwska J, Debska-Slizien A, Bryl E, Rachon D, Mysliwski A, Rutkowski B.
Department of Histology and Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
BACKGROUND: Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) may affect the human immune system. The aim of the study was to examine changes in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell subpopulations, the expression of the inhibitory molecule, CD152 on T lymphocytes and the levels of interleukins (IL) 2, 6, 10, 12 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in primary glomerulonephritis chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients before and under rHuEpo treatment. METHODS: Expression of T-cell surface molecules was measured in 14 HD patients ex vivo by flow cytometry of lymphocytes sampled from peripheral blood and in vitro using whole blood cell cultures stimulated either with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or with physiological as well as non-physiological doses of rHuEpo. The concentrations of the cytokines were measured in the supernatants from non- or PHA-stimulated cultures using bioassays (IL2, IL6, TNF alpha) or ELISA tests (IL10, IL12). RESULTS: Compared with findings before the start of rHuEpo therapy the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio increased after 1 year of follow-up, whereas the percentage of CD152(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased. The increase of the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was dependent on a decrease of the percentage of CD8(+) cells. The decrease of CD152(+) population affected mainly CD8(+)CD152(+) cells. All these effects became apparent after 6 months of rHuEpo treatment. In vitro stimulation of whole blood cultures revealed that the addition of PHA up-regulated the percentage of CD152(+) lymphocytes, while physiological concentrations of rHuEpo decreased the percentage of CD8(+)152(+) T cells. None of the stimuli used affected the percentage of CD8(+) T cells. The pattern of the cytokines shifted toward TH1 phenotype (increase of IL2 and 12 levels) with a decreased level of proinflammatory cytokines (decrease of IL6 and TNFalpha levels). CONCLUSIONS: The observed decrease of CD152(+) lymphocytes together with the decrease of CD8(+) cells may reflect the improved immune response observed in HD patients under rHuEpo treatment.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12032199&dopt=Abstract
J Physiol. 2002 Nov 15;545(Pt 1):241-53.
Upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and nerve growth factor by intraplantar injection of capsaicin in rats.
Saade NE, Massaad CA, Ochoa-Chaar CI, Jabbur SJ, Safieh-Garabedian B, Atweh SF.
Department of Human Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Riad El Solh Beirut 1107-2020, Beirut, Lebanon. nesaadub.edu.lb
Capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA) are known to be involved in nociception and neurogenic inflammation. Extensive research has been devoted to the sensory role of these fibres but less attention has been paid to their local effector function. This study aimed at gaining more insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the neurogenic inflammation induced by this special group of afferent fibres. Different groups of rats (n = 5 in each group), either naive or subjected to selective ablation of their CSPA, received individual intraplantar injections of saline, capsaicin, its vehicle or capsaicin preceded by its antagonist, capsazepine. Acute tests for nociception were used to assess the variations of the nociceptive thresholds. Variations of the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nerve growth factor (NGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Intraplantar injection of capsaicin (10 microg in 50 microl) produced a sustained thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia that peaked at 3-6 h and disappeared 24 h following the injection. Similar capsaicin injection in further groups of rats produced an early upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines and NGF, which peaked at 30-60 min and returned to control levels within 2-5 h. Similar effects were observed following the application of either capsaicin or intense electrical stimulation on the cut end of the distal portion of the sciatic nerve. The effects of capsaicin were abolished in rats subjected to selective ablation of their CSPA. These results demonstrate that CSPA can simultaneously challenge the immune system through the release of proinflammatory mediators and the central nervous system through nociceptive signalling and can therefore serve as a common afferent pathway to both immune and nervous systems.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12433964&dopt=Abstract
Pediatr Res. 2002 Jun;51(6):740-5.
CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells as a prognostic marker in vertically HIV-infected pediatric patients.
Sherman GG, Scott LE, Galpin JS, Kuhn L, Tiemessen CT, Simmank K, Meddows-Taylor S, Meyers TM.
Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, School of Pathology, South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg, South Africa. gayleail.saimr.wits.ac.za
Increased expression of CD38 on CD8(+) T cells is associated with activation of the immune system, progression of HIV disease, and death in adults. The prognostic significance of these cells in HIV-infected children, where the picture is complicated by age-related differences in CD38 expression, remains controversial. Measuring the unimodal expression of CD38 on CD8(+) T cells in adults and children by flow cytometry is best accomplished by quantitating the antigen on the cell surface. To our knowledge, this technique has not previously been reported in a pediatric population. Vertically HIV-infected children were age matched for mild (n = 26) and severe (n = 23) clinical disease. Eleven age-matched HIV-negative controls were included for comparison. Quantitation of CD38 on CD8(+) T cells was performed at baseline and 1 y later. The ages of the children in the three clinical groups did not differ significantly (p = 0.6004). HIV-infected children had significantly increased CD38 measurements in comparison with the HIV-negative controls (p = 0.0131), and the severe disease group tended to have higher measurements than the mild disease group. Increased CD38(+)CD8(+) T cells were significant predictors of death within the first year (p = 0.043). These findings support the view that increased CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells has the same prognostic significance in pediatric as in adult HIV disease.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12032270&dopt=Abstract
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7508-13.
Estimating the age of the polydnavirus/braconid wasp symbiosis.
Whitfield JB.
Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, 320 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jwhitfiife.uiuc.edu
Polydnaviruses are essential components mediating host-parasitoid relationships between some braconid wasps and their caterpillar hosts largely by suppressing or misdirecting the host immune systems. The polydnavirus-wasp relationship is an unusual apparent mutualism between viruses and eukaryotes and remarkably has evolved to the stage where the two entities no longer can be considered separate. Estimations of the age of the polydnavirus-bearing clade of braconid wasps based on separate calculations from the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes and the nuclear 28S rRNA gene, calibrated using fossil data, converge to indicate a date of origin of approximately 73.7 +/- 10 million years ago. This range provides an upper bound on the time during which these wasps and viruses have been functionally associated.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12032313&dopt=Abstract
While the hair loss and resulting baldness in general have not been proven to be related to underlying health problems, there are certain correlations between hair loss and health problems. For instance, premature hair loss could suggest premature aging or nutritional and hormonal imbalances, stressful life, use of drugs that cause hair loss as a side effect, skin disease, or heart disease. The balding appearance could also impart a subdued impression of integrity in bodily health and youthfulness. Fortunately, in many cases, hair loss is reversible by change in lifestyle and/or nutritional supplementation. Herbal hair growth formula and other nutritional supplements have been shown to be effective in warding off hair loss and resuming hair growth. Certain prescription drugs such as Buy Propecia Online may also reverse hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT, a hormonal byproduct produced inceasingly as a person age.
Rx Medications Online||
Constipation relief, laxative, colon cleansing ||
Celexa Online || Tramadol Online || Paxil Online || Buspar Online || Cialis Online || Flexeril Online ||
Related Web pages ||
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||