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Oncogene. 2002 Nov 7;21(51):7808-16.
The bovine papillomavirus oncoprotein E5 retains MHC class I molecules in the Golgi apparatus and prevents their transport to the cell surface.

Marchetti B, Ashrafi GH, Tsirimonaki E, O'Brien PM, Campo MS.

Institute of Comparative Medicine, Glasgow University Veterinary School, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.

During papillomavirus infection, the E5 protein localizes in the cell Golgi apparatus and other endomembrane compartments. Cells transformed by E5 do not express major histocompatibility class I complex (MHC I) on the cell surface, while cells transformed by the other transforming proteins E6 and E7 do. In addition, the total amount of both MHC I protein and mRNA is reduced in E5-transformed cells. Here we show that expression of bovine papillomavirus E5 causes the retention of MHC I in the Golgi apparatus, thus preventing its transport to the cell surface. We ascribe this effect to a failure of acidification of the Golgi apparatus, as similar effects are observed in control cells treated with the ionophore monensin. Treatment of E5-transformed cells with either beta- or gamma-interferon increases the synthesis of MHC I, showing that inhibition of MHC I expression by E5 is not irreversible. However, even after interferon treatment, MHC I, although increased in quantity, is not transported to the cell surface. E5 therefore affects MHC I at several levels, but prevention of MHC I transport to the cell surface appears to be the dominant effect. Lack of surface MHC I would have profound consequences for presentation of viral peptides to the immune system.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12420217&dopt=Abstract

Eur J Clin Invest. 2002 Sep;32(9):657-61.
Selectin-P and interleukin-8 plasma levels in coronary heart disease patients.

Romuk E, Skrzep-Poloczek B, Wojciechowska C, Tomasik A, Birkner E, Wodniecki J, Gabrylewicz B, Ochala A, Tendera M.

Department of Biochemistry, Silesian Medical University, Jordana 19 Street, PL-41-808 Zabrze, Poland. biochemnfomed.slam.katowice.pl

BACKGROUND: Alterations of the immune system are now believed to play crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was analysis of soluble forms of selectin-P and interleukin-8 levels in patients with different form of coronary heart disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study took part 18 patients with stable coronary heart disease, 20 patients with unstable coronary heart disease and 15 healthy persons from control group. Soluble selectin-P and interleukin-8 levels were measured in EDTA plasma with the use of enzyme immunoassay ELISA. RESULTS: The level of soluble selectin-P was significantly higher in unstable coronary heart disease patients in comparison to the stable coronary heart disease patients (P < or = 0.01) and nonsignificantly higher in comparison to the control group. The level of interleukin-8 were significantly higher in unstable coronary heart disease patients in comparison to the stable coronary heart disease patients (P < or = 0.01) and in comparison to the control group (P < or = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that soluble form of selectin-P and interleukin-8 may be useful clinical predictors of unstable coronary heart disease. The assessment of the risk for the development of coronary heart disease requires further serial investigation.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12486864&dopt=Abstract

Anat Rec. 2002 Dec 1;268(4):360-4.
Variation in Langerhans cell number and morphology between the upper and lower regions of the human esophageal epithelium.

Zavala WD, De Simone DS, Sacerdote FL, Cavicchia JC.

Instituto de Histologia y Embriologia, Cuyo Medical School, Mendoza, Argentina.

Langerhans cells (LCs) are dendritic components of stratified epithelia, presenting antigens to other cells of the immune system that play a crucial role in local defense. The paucity of information about their significance in the esophageal mucosa was addressed by studying their distribution and morphology in this particular location. LCs were identified by immunohistochemical detection of CD1a, a cell-specific marker, using a monoclonal antibody, as well as by electron microscopic identification of characteristic Birbeck granules, among other typical morphological features. Cell counts carried out at 25 and 35 cm distal to the dental arch demonstrated significant differences in number and size between the two locations. The upper region contained 10.4 +/- 0.8 cells (mean +/- SEM) vs. 18.4 +/- 1.4 cells in the lower region. Also, cells in the lower region were larger and appeared to have longer dendritic processes. To our knowledge this is the first report of regional differences in number and morphology of LCs in human esophageal mucosa. 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12420283&dopt=Abstract

Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 2002 Aug;13(74):107-10.
[Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children with chronic gastroduodenitis with and without Helicobacter pylori infection]

[Article in Polish]

Krenska-Wiacek A, Szaflarska-Szczepanik A, Wysocki M.

Katedra i Klinika Pediatrii, Alergologii i Gastroenterologii, AM im. L. Rydygiera w Bydgoszczy.

The immune system plays an important role in chronic gastroduodenitis. A group of 70 children with chronic gastroduodenitis were subjected to examinations, including 42 children with H. pylori infection (group I) and 28 children without H. pylori infection (group II). Applying the method of flow cytometry, the per cent values of peripheral blood lymphocytic subpopulations were determined before and after treatment. The obtained results of examinations in group I were compared with those obtained in group II and were also compared with the standards given by Zeman for healthy children. On the basis of analysis of own material it was found that in both studied groups before and after the treatment lower per cent values were observed of CD3 and CD8 T-cells, NK CD56 cells and higher value of CD4 to CD8 T-cell ratio was disclosed as compared to healthy children. Comparing the per cent values of lymphocytic subpopulations in children with and without H. pylori infection it was found that in group I a higher per cent of CD4 T-cells, lower per cent of CD8 T-cells and, therefore, higher value of CD4 to CD8 T-cell ratio were present.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12420338&dopt=Abstract

J Nutr. 2002 Nov;132(11):3301-7.
Zinc deficiency in mice alters myelopoiesis and hematopoiesis.

King LE, Fraker PJ.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319, USA.

Suboptimal nutriture causes leukopenia, but whether this is related to a modification in hematopoiesis is unknown. A 34-d period of zinc deficiency was used to obtain moderate and severely zinc-deficient (ZD) young adult mice whose bone marrow was evaluated for alterations in hematopoiesis, myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis by flow cytometry. Expressions of CD31 (PECAM-1) and Ly-6C were used to identify changes in marrow population composition. Identity of marrow cells was confirmed with TER119, CD45R, Ly-6G and CD11b. Cells of the erythroid lineage declined as much as 60% depending on the degree of zinc deficiency, providing new insight into the early observations of clinicians that anemia accompanied ZD in humans. The lymphoid compartment also declined 50-70% with preferential losses among pre-B cells, an underlying cause of the lymphopenia that is a part of ZD, in which loss of pre-B cells was identified by CD43,CD45R, and immunoglobulin M. Conversely, cells of the myeloid lineage increased substantially in the marrow, both in proportion and absolute numbers in all ZD mice. Granulocytic cells increased 40-60%, whereas monocytic cells nearly doubled in ZD mice. These data suggest that there are important adaptations in hematopoietic functions as zinc becomes limiting. In the immune system, the precursors of phagocytic cells, which provide innate immunity, are protected, whereas precursors of lymphocytes, which provide adaptive immunity, are down-regulated. These findings illuminate the unique response of the marrow to a nutritional stress.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12421843&dopt=Abstract

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