DreamPharm Products:
New Afr. 1996 Sep;(344):16-7, 21.
AIDS -- why African successes are scoffed.
Ankomah B.
PIP: Pressures to create a profitable Third World market for Western drugs may have led to the suppression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatments developed in Africa. Six years before four Western pharmaceutical companies announced the discovery of a three-drug regimen that appears to produce remission in some patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ugandan physician Dr. Charles Ssali had developed a similar formulation. Beginning in 1989, Dr. Ssali gave HIV-infected patients at his Kampala clinic a preparation, Miriandina, containing 27 naturally occurring anti-oxidants and micronutrients that stimulate the immune system and prevent progression to AIDS. To date, he has treated over 12,000 patients, with an 80% success rate. His first patient, who presented in 1989 with full-blown AIDS, is alive and symptom-free. Miriandina is taken for 12-18 months, at a cost of only US $0.50 per tablet ($600 for six months of treatment). Another herbal formulation, Pearl Omega, developed by scientist Arthur Obel with funds provided by the Kenyan government, has produced a similar reversal of AIDS symptoms. However, international donor organizations and the AIDS establishment have refused to fund these African-based efforts or to publicize their success. It is suggested that this reflects a plan to force African countries to take out World Bank loans to finance the more expensive ($8300 a course) Western-based protease inhibitors.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12291689&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Histochem. 2002;46(3):273-80.
Endogenous jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus RNA is expressed by different cell types in ovine foetus and placenta.
Sanna E, Sanna MP, Loddo C, Sanna L, Mura M, Cadelano T, Leoni A.
Istituto di Patologia Generale, Anatomia Patologica e Clinica Ostetrico-Chirurgica Veterinaria, Facolta di Veteri- naria, Universita di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy. patvetssmain.uniss.it
The endogenous retroviruses are inherited elements transmitted trough the germline of most animal species and their biological role is still controversial. Ovine Pulmonary Carcinoma (OPC) represents a good model for studying the interactions of endogenous retroviruses with their exogenous counterparts. The type D exogenous retrovirus known as Jaagsiekte Sheep Retro-Virus (JSRV) is necessary and sufficient to cause OPC in domestic and wild sheep, but both affected and unaffected animals host in their genome 15 to 20 copies of related endogenous retroviruses named endogenous JSRV (enJSRV). In this study we evaluated the expression of enJSRV gag sequences in ovine foetal and placental tissues. RNA in situ hybridisation was performed on tissue sections of thymi, lymph nodes and lungs from ovine foetuses and related placentas, taken at a late stage of development. Reverse transcriptase-in situ polymerase chain reactions were also carried out on placental samples to better define the involved cells. In foetal tissues, specific signals were observed in the thymus medulla, lymph nodes and, at a lesser extent, in foetal bronchiolar cells. In the placental tissues, positive areas were detected in various cell types in the sincythium-and cyto-trophoblast. These data demonstrate that en JSRV RNA is largely expressed in a broad spectrum of cells including tissues which are critical for the development of the immune system.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12472123&dopt=Abstract
NASPCP Newsl. 1995 Oct-Dec;:14.
AIDS breakthrough in 1995.
Richardson S.
PIP: During 1995, there were a few provocative findings about the way HIV reproduces and survives. In January, two groups reported that HIV reproduces and is cleared from the body at higher rates than previously suspected. The immune system is able to keep pace with the virus through the first years of the infection but is finally overpowered. This leads to questions about why the immune system seems to be unable to permanently control the virus, and some light was shed on this issue in June with reports that infection with HIV-2 sometimes protects people against contracting HIV-1. HIV-2 can still cause AIDS, but it is a comparatively milder version of HIV because HIV-2 binds less tightly to the HIV receptor on immune cells. It is thought that HIV-2 infection alerts T cells in the immune system to guard against proteins shared by the two strains of the virus. Once the proteins which stimulate the immune response have been identified, researchers may be able to insert them into the appropriate genes to develop a safe live vaccine. The ability of some kinds of natural exposure to HIV to prompt a permanent immune response is given credence by the fact that some prostitutes who were repeatedly exposed to HIV-1 and HIV-2 showed no HIV antibodies although their T cells killed cells bearing key HIV proteins.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12291701&dopt=Abstract
Afr Health. 1996 Nov;19(1):17-8.
Health care in-depth. Tuberculosis and HIV.
Maher D.
PIP: Tuberculosis (TB) probably did not become a problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) until around the 1850s. Poverty, inadequate TB control activities, and the HIV epidemic contribute to SSA having the world's highest TB case notification rate. HIV infection is responsible for a marked increase in TB in 15-45 year olds. In some parts of SSA, up to 70% of TB patients have HIV infection. A healthy immune system controls infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and prevents progression to TB but does not rid the body of dormant TB bacilli. HIV infection lowers immunity, therefore increasing susceptibility to TB. 25% of new TB cases each year in SSA are attributable to HIV infection. TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected individuals in SSA. The median CD4 count in HIV-infected adult TB patients is 200-250. Many persons in late stage HIV infection with TB are sputum smear negative. HIV-infected persons are more likely to have disseminated and extrapulmonary TB than HIV-negative persons. HIV infection sometimes reduces the skin test response to tuberculin. It is best to avoid anti-TB treatment as a diagnostic test for TB. Clinicians should not treat HIV-infected TB patients with thiacetazone but rather ethambutol. Thiacetazone can induce a severe, and sometimes fatal, skin reaction in HIV-infected persons. Many National TB Programs recommend ethambutol in place of streptomycin due to the problems associated with inadequate sterilization of needles and syringes and the pain associated with streptomycin injections in wasted HIV-infected TB patients. HIV-infected TB patients are more likely to die within 12 months after anti-TB treatment has begun than HIV-negative patients. Active TB may boost HIV replication. The World Health Organization does not yet recommend widespread isoniazid preventive therapy for HIV-positive persons in high TB prevalence countries.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12291915&dopt=Abstract
AIDS STD Health Promot Exch. 1996;(3):6-7.
Country watch: India.
Bhende AA.
PIP: An acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) education program sponsored by World Vision of India was effective in reaching low-income adolescent girls in Bombay. During the preparatory phase, household surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions were conducted to gain insight into the daily lives, interests, sexual activities, and health problems of female adolescents. These activities identified a need for support and cooperation of the parents of these girls and the broader community, services such as child care for younger siblings to facilitate attendance, promotion of self-confidence and self-expression, and discussion of AIDS within the broader context of women's status and rights. The curriculum covered topics such as being a woman, puberty, sexuality, sexual exploitation and harassment, the human immune system, and protection against AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. These messages were communicated through lectures, videos, plays, puppet shows, quizzes, story telling, role plays, and group discussions. The course was supplemented by a community awareness program involving community leaders, mothers of adolescent females, young men, and adolescent boys. A total of 76 girls (average age, 14 years) attended the 7-session course. A follow-up survey indicated that knowledge about AIDS, menstruation, and reproduction increased significantly over baseline; 62% of participants reported they had talked to others about AIDS since the course. World Vision has since expanded its Women and AIDS project to male and female adolescents and adults in 21 slums and two industrial complexes in Bombay.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12291989&dopt=Abstract
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