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AIDS Anal Afr. 1995 Jun;5(3):14-5.
Egypt's fundamentalists say condoms immoral.
Soliman S.
PIP: The first AIDS case in Egypt was reported almost 10 years ago, yet Egypt still does not have reliable statistics on the HIV/AIDS epidemic (officially, 513 HIV infections and 88 AIDS cases; more likely, 3000 and 10,000, respectively). HIV/AIDS bears a stigma. The government claims that every HIV-infected Egyptian acquired the infection through a blood transfusion while in the Gulf or through sexual intercourse in Europe. Cultural, social, and religious norms that discourage promiscuity may explain the low HIV/AIDS rate but these same taboos put women at risk by making it difficult for them to protect themselves. Islamic fundamentalist women reinforce the Islamic principle of forbidding sex education. They consider AIDS a plague of immoral Western society. They refuse to accept the fact that many men do not practice safer sex. These women consider condoms immoral. They think God will curse women who refuse to have sexual intercourse at their husbands' bidding. Many nongovernmental organizations consider an intensive education program as the only means to avert disaster. Egypt has yet to implement its model AIDS program. All hospitals in Cairo and some hospitals in rural areas have equipment to test for HIV. Surveillance systems have been limited to high risk groups. In Egypt, it is mandatory to test foreigners for HIV. Prisoners, prostitutes, homosexuals, and blood donors are tested randomly without their consent. Positive results are often reported to authorities before the persons learn their HIV status. A campaign for widespread sex education is the only action recommended so far. It includes a mass media component and community meetings and conferences. An Egyptian physician has found an anti-viral drug that stimulates the immune system, but his work does not receive much coverage outside Egypt. Egyptians need to tackle their cultural taboos about discussion of sex to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12289036&dopt=Abstract
Asiaweek. 1995 Sep 29;:45-6.
Epidemics. War on an old scourge. Tuberculosis is back and some nations are unable to restrain it.
[No authors listed]
PIP: The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993 declared a global emergency against tuberculosis (TB). Despite that call for action and government programs to slow its spread, TB continues to kill millions of people annually. An estimated 20 million people are sick worldwide with full-blown TB, nearly two-thirds of whom are in Asia. TB bacteria are emitted from infectious individuals through a cough, sneeze, or breathy discourse, after which they travel through the air to infect other individuals. If untreated, there is a 5-10% chance that the bacteria will become active, attacking the lungs, causing prolonged coughing, weight loss, and ultimately death. Living in crowded or unclean areas increases one's risk of contracting the TB bacteria. Once infected, compromised immune systems will have a harder time than healthy, strong systems fighting off development of the disease. The poor are therefore usually the most severely affected by TB. HIV infection and disease also increase one's susceptibility to TB and other diseases, in addition to making TB more difficult to detect. HIV is spreading in Asia faster than anywhere else on the planet. Since the source of the current TB epidemic is infectious patients who are not totally cured, the WHO recommends that health care workers provide patients with a proper dose of antibiotics and make sure that they take it every day for six months as the most effective TB control strategy. China, India, and Thailand, Asia's most seriously affected countries for TB, have committed to adopting the strategy.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12290446&dopt=Abstract
AIDS Action. 1995 Sep-Nov;(30):2-3.
Slow progress against HIV.
Alcorn K.
PIP: Treatment for people with HIV attempts to prevent HIV from reproducing, boost the immune system, or cure opportunistic infections. The chemical structure of anti-viral drugs is similar to that of DNA. Since HIV bonds with the drugs rather than DNA, it cannot replicate itself. The most widely used anti-viral drug is zidovudine or AZT (brand name, Retrovir), but it does not help HIV infected persons who are still healthy. A recent trial shows that a combination of anti-viral drugs is more likely to delay opportunistic infections and death than AZT alone. When pregnant women use AZT before and during delivery and when their newborns receive AZT therapy, the likelihood of HIV transmission to the newborn is reduced by about 66%. Follow-up studies are needed, however, since AZT is toxic. Disadvantages of anti-viral drugs include resistance, toxicity, side effects (e.g., nausea and anemia), which are particularly severe at high doses, and accessibility of regular and expensive monitoring tests. Protease inhibitors are in the early stages of development. They deactivate the HIV enzyme which allows HIV to attach to white blood cells. Imuthiol (DTC) aims to increase the number of white blood cells so the body can fight HIV longer, but it appears that it has no benefit and may even facilitate development of opportunistic infections. Interleuken 2 may increase the number of CD4 cells. Alternative approaches to strengthening the immune system are lifestyle changes, improved diet, reduced stress, Chinese medicine and acupuncture, herbal medicines, and relaxation exercises. HIV/AIDS therapies are very expensive and often induce side effects. Many HIV positive people in developed countries are opting out of these treatments, even though they have access to them. Prevention and treatment of opportunistic infection remain the best strategies for most HIV-infected persons.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12290561&dopt=Abstract
AIDS Action. 1995 Sep-Nov;(30):4-5.
Eat healthily, stay healthy.
[No authors listed]
PIP: HIV and poor nutrition destroys the immune system. A well-nourished HIV infected person is less likely to develop an opportunistic infection than those with poor nutrition. Emotional stress and opportunistic infections can decrease one's appetite. Eating can become difficult and painful in persons with oropharyngeal infections. HIV-related wasting reduces protein and fat reserves. Vitamin A maintains a healthy immune system. Adding nuts, oil, mashed fish, dark green or orange fruits and vegetables, or fruit juice and replacing some water with fresh milk or coconut milk makes porridge more energy-rich. Fermenting or malting porridge makes it thinner, easier to swallow, and more nutritious. Fermentation allows for increased absorption of some nutrients (e.g., iron and zinc). The diet for persons with HIV-related infections should increase their appetite, and they should ingest enough nutrients to help the gastrointestinal tract manage and recover from diarrhea and to regain weight and strength lost during illness. All HIV-infected persons should eat as much as possible, particularly easy-to-eat and easily-absorbed foods. Those with mouth sores should avoid spicy and peppery foods. Those with a poor appetite should eat small amounts more often than usual. Those with diarrhea should eat easily digestible foods (e.g., soups) and, in some cases, avoid fatty or oily foods and milk. They should drink extra fluids to prevent dehydration. HIV-infected pregnant women should eat foods rich in vitamin A (dark green leaves or orange fruits and vegetables, liver, or egg yolk) and iron. Maternal vitamin A deficiency increases the risk of vertical HIV transmission 3-4 fold. Breast milk is the best food for all infants, particularly during diarrhea. In some communities, nongovernmental organizations provide those infected or affected by HIV/AIDS with food, food production maintenance, and nutrition counseling through their home care services.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12290562&dopt=Abstract
AIDSlink. 1996 Mar-Apr;(38):1, 3.
Tuberculosis and HIV - deadly co-infection.
Broderick A.
PIP: The World Health Organization estimates that 33% of the world's population is infected with the tuberculosis (TB) bacilli. Since a healthy immune system can effectively keep the bacilli in check, only about 5% of infected individuals will develop active TB in the first year or two after infection, while another 5% will develop the active disease later in their lives. TB nonetheless remains the world's single greatest infectious killer of youth and adults, claiming almost 3 million lives annually. HIV infection is the most significant known risk factor for the development of active TB. HIV is greatly facilitating the spread of TB, even though TB can be both prevented and cured even among persons with advanced HIV infection. TB accounts for 30% of AIDS deaths worldwide, 50% in Africa, and 70% in Asia. Since patients with contained TB infection are more likely to progress to active TB disease if they become infected with HIV, the HIV pandemic is a strong factor in the resurgence of TB. At the same time, TB infection may play an important role in accelerating the progression of HIV disease. The presence of a co-infection such as TB also appears to render a person's HIV infection more contagious. The author discusses the control of TB in the context of the HIV pandemic and the response of SidAlerte Internationale, an international network of NGOs in 13 African countries.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12290909&dopt=Abstract
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