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Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2002 Spring;32(2):148-54.
In vitro effects of vanadate on human immune functions.

Di Gioacchino M, Sabbioni E, Di Giampaolo L, Schiavone C, Di Sciascio MB, Reale M, Nicola V, Qiao N, Paganelli R, Conti P, Boscolo P.

Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, Section of Allergy, Clinical Immunology, and Occupational Medicine, G. D'Annunzio University School of Medicine, Chieti, Italy. digioacnich.it

Vanadium (V) is an element with wide industrial applications and environmental release. The object of this study was to determine the in vitro effects of high (10(-4) M) and low (10(-7) M) concentrations of sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) on cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation, cytokine release, CD expression, and granulocyte O2- production. At 10(-4) and 10(-7) M, NaVO3 did not modify PBMC proliferation in the absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). On the other hand, 10(-4) M NaVO3 reduced by -25% the PBMC proliferation in PHA-stimulated cultures, with a significant reduction of the stimulation index (SI) of blastogenesis. Moreover, 10(-4 M NaVO3 significantly reduced the release of IFN-gamma by PHA-stimulated PBMCs, and 10(-7) M NaVO3 significantly enhanced the release of TNF-alpha. In addition, IL-5 release was significantly inhibited by high concentration of sodium metavanadate and significantly enhanced by low concentration of NaVO3. Neither 10(-4) nor 10(-7) M NaVO3 modified the expression of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, or CD56+ in PHA-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes. Finally, 10(-4) M NaVO3 reduced the granulocyte production of O2- by about 70%, while 10(-7) vanadate reduced its production to a lesser extent. These results show that 10(-4) M NaVO3 exerts inhibitory effects on PBMCs, while at 10(-7) M it exerts a stimulatory action with a slight shift of the immune response towards a Th2-type response. This investigation suggests that environmental V can have important effects on the human immune system.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12017196&dopt=Abstract

Int J Colorectal Dis. 2002 Jan;17(1):37-41.
Immunomodulatory changes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Ordemann J, Jacobi CA, Braumann C, Schwenk W, Volk HD, Muller JM.

Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, Thoracic Surgery, Charite, Medical School, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Solid tumors are frequently accompanied by a depressed cellular and humoral immunity. This study analyzed changes these factors in colorectal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We compared cellular (leukocytes, lymphocytes, HLA-DR expression on monocytes) and humoral immune parameters (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha) in 40 patients with colorectal cancer and in 18 healthy controls. RESULTS: Leukocytes were in the normal range in patients and controls. However, tumor patients showed significant lymphopenia in comparison to controls. HLA-DR antigen expression on CD14+ monocytes was reduced in the cancer patients while IL-6 and IL-10 plasma levels were increased. Patients with UICC stage III had IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly increased as well. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that colorectal tumor establishment and progression results in a malfunction of the immune system, and underline the importance of elucidating in detail the mechanisms of immune modulation in cancer patients.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12018452&dopt=Abstract

Virus Genes. 2002 Mar;24(2):99-105.
Characterization of the glycoprotein B gene from ruminant alphaherpesviruses.

Ros C, Belak S.

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Switzerland. carlos.robc.unibe.ch

The complete open reading frame and promoter region of the glycoprotein B (gB) gene has been identified and sequenced from five poorly characterized alphaherpesviruses of ruminants, bovine herpesvirus 5 (BHV-5), buffalo herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), cervine herpesvirus 1 (CerHV-1), rangiferine herpesvirus 1 (RanHV-1), and caprine herpesvirus 1 (CapHV-1). One of the two regions identified with considerable sequence and length variation is also target of the immune system, as two B cell epitopes have been identified in this location. Features shared with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) gB include two broad hydrophobic regions, six N-glycosylation sites and ten conserved cysteine residues in the gB extracellular domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the studied ruminant alphaherpesviruses form, together with BHV-1, a consistent group within the alpha2 subgroup of the herpesviruses. BHV-5 and BuHV-1 are most closely related to BHV-1, followed by CerHV-1, RanHV-1 and more distantly by CapHV-1. A remarkable high degree of sequence similarity was observed between BuHV-1 and the neuropathogenic BHV-5.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12018712&dopt=Abstract

J Neuroimmunol. 2002 May;126(1-2):5-15.
Immunohistochemical localization of endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immune cells and spinal cord in a model of inflammatory pain.

Mousa SA, Machelska H, Schafer M, Stein C.

Klinik fur Anaesthesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Freie Universitat Berlin, Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Shaabaop-admin.ukbf.fu-berlin.de

Recently, two novel highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonists, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2, have been isolated from bovine as well as human brains and were proposed to be the endogenous ligand for MOR. Later, endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 have been detected in the immune system of rats and humans using radioimmunoassay in combination with reverse-high-phase-liquid chromatography. In the present study, we analyzed the expression of endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2 and MOR by immunohistochemistry in a model of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced painful inflammation. While MOR was upregulated on peripheral and central nerve terminals, inflammation did not alter endomorphin-2 expression in nerve fibers either in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or in subcutaneous tissue. Endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 were expressed in immune cells (macrophage/monocytes) in the medullary region of the popliteal lymph nodes. The proportion of immunocytes (macrophage/monocytes, lymphocytes) containing endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 was increased in inflamed lymph nodes and subcutaneous paw tissue of animals with local inflammatory pain. Taken together, the upregulation of MOR and of its endogenous ligands endomorphin-1 and endomorphin-2 in immunocytes suggests an involvement of these opioid peptides in the peripheral control of inflammatory pain.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12020952&dopt=Abstract

J Neuroimmunol. 2002 May;126(1-2):107-15.
Infiltrating CD14+ monocytes and expression of CD14 by activated parenchymal microglia/macrophages contribute to the pool of CD14+ cells in ischemic brain lesions.

Beschorner R, Schluesener HJ, Gozalan F, Meyermann R, Schwab JM.

Institute of Brain Research, University of Tubingen Medical School, Calwer Str. 3, Germany. rudi.beschorneed.uni-tuebingen.de

CD14, a key pattern recognition receptor of the innate immune system, is a surface molecule on monocytic cells involved in cellular activation. We investigated 18 autopsy cases of focal cerebral infarctions (FCI) by immunohistochemistry to examine CD14 expression following ischemia. Controls confirmed constitutive CD14 expression by few perivascular cells. In contrast to quiescent CD14- parenchymal microglial cells, following ischemia activated microglia/macrophages expressed abundant CD14. In FCI, CD14+ cells increased both in perivascular spaces and in brain parenchyma within 1-2.5 days and remained elevated until late stages. Early CD14 expression suggests an essential part of CD14 in the acute inflammatory response following stroke.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12020962&dopt=Abstract

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