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Ter Arkh. 2002;74(10):15-20.
[Clinico-immunologic subtypes of type I diabetes mellitus]
[Article in Russian]
Zhuk EA, Galenok VA.
AIM: To study clinico-immunological characteristics of diabetes mellitus type I. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical examination was made of 333 patients with diabetes mellitus type I with manifestation of carbohydrate metabolism impairment and intoxication syndrome because of diabetic ketoacidosis (group 1) and without it (group 2). Compared to donors (n = 68), T-cell, B-cell and monocytic components of immune system were studied in patients with uncomplicated DM type 1 in both groups (28 and 15 patients, respectively). RESULTS: Patients with different subtypes of the disease differ by the course and rate of progression, defects in T-cell and monocyte components of immunity. CONCLUSION: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a heterogenous pathology with subtype 1 (rapidly progressive) and subtype 2 (slowly progressive).
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12469623&dopt=Abstract
Vestn Oftalmol. 2002 May-Jun;118(3):35-7.
[Effects of immunization on proteinase-inhibitor balance in the lacrimal fluid and blood serum in alkaline burns of the cornea (an experimental study)]
[Article in Russian]
Gulidova OV, Beznos OV, Shatinina SZ, Chesnokova NB.
Proteinase-inhibitor balance in the lacrimal fluid in eye burns was studied in rabbits with modified and intact immune status. Stimulation of the immune system was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical picture of the disease was studied in parallel. Immunization accelerated the local adaptive and defense reaction of the proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors, which was paralleled by a more benign course of burn disease of the eyes, in comparison with that in non-immunized animals.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12226978&dopt=Abstract
Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2002 May-Jun;65(3):44-6.
[Immune mechanisms of hepatoprotector effects of etomersol and thymogen]
[Article in Russian]
Okovityi SV, Gaivoronskaia VV.
Department of Pharmacology, St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy, ul. Lebedeva 6, St. Petersburg, 194044 Russia.
The reparation-regeneration effects of the actoprotector etomerzol and the immunomodulant thymogen can be mediated by certain units of the immune system, in particular, by thymus. Both thymogen and etomerzol loss the hepatoprotector activity on the background of thymectomy, but still produce an immunomodulant effect by stimulating the production of antibody-forming cells in the spleen in response to changes in the immune system induced by various stressor factors (thymectomy, hepatectomy, or their combination). This property of etomerzol, together with the absence of influence upon the immune state of intact experimental animals, is evidence of a dominating immunomodulant activity of this drug.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12227096&dopt=Abstract
Infect Immun. 2002 Oct;70(10):5479-84.
Influence of intravenous anesthesia on mucosal and systemic antibody responses to nasal vaccines.
Janakova L, Bakke H, Haugen IL, Berstad AK, Hoiby EA, Aaberge IS, Haneberg B.
Division for Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo. Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
Inhalation of antigens may stimulate the immune system by way of the upper as well as the lower airways. We have shown that at least 1,000 times more live pneumococci were recovered from pulmonary tissue after being presented as drops of a liquid suspension onto the nares of anesthetized mice compared to the number of bacteria recovered from animals that were not anesthetized in the course of the challenge. Mice that were similarly immunized intranasally by inhalation of three different nonreplicating particulate vaccine formulations, i.e., a meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine, a formalin-inactivated whole-virus influenza (INV) vaccine, and the INV vaccine with OMVs as a mucosal adjuvant, during general intravenous anesthesia developed concentrations of vaccine-specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that were four to nine times higher than in mice that were fully awake during immunizations. The concentrations of IgA antibodies in serum were also higher in anesthetized than in nonanesthetized mice and correlated positively with the corresponding levels of serum IgG antibodies in the anesthetized but not in the nonanesthetized mice. In saliva and feces, however, the concentrations of IgA antibodies were equally high whether or not the animals were dormant during immunizations. The results indicate that intrapulmonary antigen presentation, as a part of an intranasal immunization strategy, is of importance for systemic but not for mucosal antibody responses. A major portion of IgA antibodies in serum may thus be derived from nonmucosal sites.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12228273&dopt=Abstract
Drug Ther (NY). 1972 Sep;7(9):46-8.
Desirable and undesirable cutaneous effects of oral contraceptives.
Krueger GG, Mcquarrie HG, Swinyer LJ.
PIP: A review of cutaneous reactions associated with oral contraceptives intended to help the practitioner is presented. The skin responses to gestagens depend upon the sensitivity of the patient, the nature of the gestagen, and the ratio of progestogen to estrogen. Reactions are classified according to their physiologic mechanisms: hormonal effects, immune response, altered porphyrin metabolism, and miscellaneous skin problems. Some of the reactions associated with pseudopregnancy include herpes gestationis, melasma, vaginal candidiasis, cholestatic jaundice, alopecia, and possibly hypertophic gingivitis, neurofibromatosis, and telangiectasia. Hormonal effects include acneform eruptions, diffuse hair loss, and decrease of sebum production. Adverse effects exerted via the immune system include: candidiasis, decreased delayed skin-test reactivity, increased viral infections, flare of lupus erthematosus, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, photodermatitis, and herpes gestationis. Altered porphyrin metabolism effects include induction of porphyria and of variegate porphyria. Beneficial effects of oral contraceptives include improvement of acne, lessening of premenstrual flaring of aphthous ulcers, and improvement of Fox-Fordyce disease with estrogenic preparations. There is an unclear association between seborrhea, epithelial inclusion cysts, and hidradenitis supporativa and contraceptive therapy.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12229528&dopt=Abstract
The average human scalp is covered by approximatey 100,000 hair follicles. Each hair undergoes
Loss of hair itself does not pose critical health problems because biological role of human hair is relatively marginal. Hair on our scalp protects the head from mechanical shock, heat loss, and exposure to UV-light. The eyelashes and eyebrowes protect the eyes, and hair in the ear canal or the nasal passages help filter out particles and pathogens, thus protecting our internal organs.
However, hair does play important social role: it is one of the major determinants of our appearance and identity in daily life. Fullness of hair also implicates or manifests physical integrity and youthfulness of the person. Losing hair could have more than just emotional impacts on individuals.
The hair is a unique organ that goes through a characteristic cycle consisting of an immature phase, a growing phase called anagen, a transitional phase between the growing phase and the resting phase called catagen, and finally a resting phase called telogen in which the hair stops growing, waiting to fall out. 85-90% of hairs on our body are in anagen phase or growing phase, which lasts anywhere from two to five years. This phase is followed by a short regression phase, or catagen, which lasts 2-3 weeks. Approximately 1% of hair follicles are in catagen. Approximately 10-15% of hair follicles are in the resting phase, the telogen, which lasts about 3-5 months. Hair follicles typically goes through 10-20 asynchronous cycles during the lifetime.
Persistent loss of more than 150 hairs would consist a state of hair loss, or alopecia, albeit it could be temporary.
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