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Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. 2002 May-Jun;(3):15-7.
[The question of mechanisms of the immunotropic effect of mineral drinking waters]
[Article in Russian]
Kolesnikov OL, Selianina GA, Dolgushin II, Kolesnikova AA.
Drinking of mineral waters influences human immune system. Among the mechanisms of this action is a stress effect confirmed by increasing levels of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, by hyperglycemia, etc. Regular drinking of mineral water brings about adaptation. Development of long-term adaptation provokes defensive cross effects. It is suggested that an immunotropic action of mineral waters may be a manifestation of a defensive cross effect of the organism adaptation. Immunostimulation may also be related to suppression of T-suppressors activity and changes in cytokines levels.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12221837&dopt=Abstract
Arch Toxicol. 2002 Jul;76(7):377-82.
Workshop report. Children as a special subpopulation: focus on immunotoxicity. Federal Institute for Health Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine (BgVV), 15-16 November 2001, Berlin, Germany.
Richter-Reichhelm HB, Althoff J, Schulte A, Ewe S, Gundert-Remy U.
Bundesinstitut fur gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterinarmedizin (BgVV), Berlin, Germany. h.richter-reichhelgvv.de
An international symposium on the impact of environmental hazards, chemicals and drugs on the developing immune system of children was held in Berlin (Germany) organized by the BgVV. Epidemiological evidence indicates that an immature immune system challenged early in life by bacterial antigens may prevent, to some extent, allergic reactions including asthma bronchiale triggered by environmental pollutants. However, the prevalence for infectious disease is increased in childhood, especially when exposure to contaminants takes place in the period of pregnancy and breast-feeding. The effects of chlorinated biphenyls, dioxin, endotoxins, hexachlorobenzene, and direct and indirect in utero tobacco smoke exposure are examples. All participants recommend comparative and follow-up epidemiological studies and clinical examination of infants and children at risk during upbringing. There is ample evidence from experimental studies that indicates adverse effects on the developing immune system after in utero and postnatal exposure to chemicals and drugs. The adverse reactions of aciclovir, benzodiazepines, hexachlorobenzene, organotins (di-n-octyltin dichloride, tributyltin oxide), pesticides (methoxychlor, heptachlor) and polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) are presented and reviewed. To determine the predictive value of test data in risk assessment for neonates and children, development, differentiation and maturation of the immune system in humans and laboratory rodents is compared in their pre- and postnatal stages. Considering some differences in immunocompetence at birth and after lactation, and differences in the time frame for maturation of the immune system, reaction types are thought to be common, comparable and similar in human childhood and early adolescence and the postnatal lifetime of laboratory rodents. The participants of the symposium felt strongly that regulatory steps urgently need to be initiated to incorporate some relevant aspects into existing test guidelines for testing developmental immunotoxicity. In this context, it is recommended that animals culled otherwise in one- and two-generation studies be examined for developmental immunotoxicity according to the valid methods and parameters discussed. The majority of participants agreed that a safety factor of 10 is too low in risk assessment and management to protect a sensitive subpopulation of children against man-made environmental pollutants.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12222155&dopt=Abstract
J Dairy Res. 2002 May;69(2):303-16.
Immunological effects of yogurt addition to a re-nutrition diet in a malnutrition experimental model.
Cano PG, Aguero G, Perdigon G.
Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos, CERELA, Tucuman, Argentina.
The therapeutic and preventive effects of yogurt and lactic acid bacteria on diseases such as cancer, infection and gastrointestinal disorders are well ocumented. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different doses of yogurt addition after milk re-nutrition diet, on the recovery of the intestinal barrier and mucosal immune function. Experiments were performed on groups of mice, malnourished and re-nourished with milk during 7 d, and mice with diet supplemented with yogurt for 2, 5 and 7 consecutive d. Nutritional parameters such as weight gain, serum total protein, and the number of IgA, IgM and IgG B cells of the small intestine were determined. We also quantified intraepithelial leukocytes, mastocytes and goblet cells, and performed structural and ultrastructural studies on the small intestine. We observed that 5 d of yogurt feeding was the optimal dose for improving gut barrier function and mucosal immune system in a malnutrition model. This effect was not observed with milk re-nutrition. Although the results were better for 5 d of yogurt, addition for 7 d also showed beneficial effects. Yogurt feeding in our model did not impair any gut functions. These results suggest that yogurt addition after a re-nutrition diet gives better recovery of intestinal function than the re-nutrition diet usually recommended. Although these results were obtained in an animal model, they indicate that consumption of yogurt by malnourished children might accelerate the restoration of gut function.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12222807&dopt=Abstract
J Leukoc Biol. 2002 Sep;72(3):512-21.
Human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a) induces alternative activation in human and mouse monocytes and suppresses the accessory cell-dependent T cell proliferation.
Motran CC, Diaz FL, Gruppi A, Slavin D, Chatton B, Bocco JL.
Departamento de Bioquimica Clinica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina. cmotraioclin.fcq.unc.edu.ar
It has been proposed that pregnancy-specific factors induce the suppression of a specific arm of the maternal response accompanied by activation of the nonspecific, innate immune system. The aim of this study was to determine whether pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1a (PSG1a), the major variant of PSG polypeptides, is able to modulate the monocyte/macrophage (Mo) metabolism to regulate T cell activation and proliferation. Using the recombinant form of this glycoprotein (rec-PSG1a), expressed in mammalian cells with a vaccinia-based expression vector, we have demonstrated that human PSG1a induces arginase activity in peripheral blood human Mo and human and murine Mo cell lines. In addition, rec-PSG1a is able to induce alternative activation because it up-regulates the arginase activity and inhibits the nitric oxide production in Mo activated by lipopolysaccharides. We also observed that rec-PSG1a is an important accessory cells-dependent T cell suppressor factor that causes partial growth arrest at the S/G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, an impaired T cell proliferative response induced by mitogens and specific antigen was observed in BALB/c mice upon in vivo expression of PSG1a. Our results suggest that PSG1a function contributes to the immunomodulation during pregnancy, having opposite effects on maternal innate and adaptative systems.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12223519&dopt=Abstract
Nat Immunol. 2003 Jan;4(1):63-8. Epub 2002 Dec 02.
IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R.
Sheppard P, Kindsvogel W, Xu W, Henderson K, Schlutsmeyer S, Whitmore TE, Kuestner R, Garrigues U, Birks C, Roraback J, Ostrander C, Dong D, Shin J, Presnell S, Fox B, Haldeman B, Cooper E, Taft D, Gilbert T, Grant FJ, Tackett M, Krivan W, McKnight G, Clegg C, Foster D, Klucher KM.
ZymoGenetics, Inc., 1201 Eastlake Avenue E., Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
Cytokines play a critical role in modulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here, we have identified from the human genomic sequence a family of three cytokines, designated interleukin 28A (IL-28A), IL-28B and IL-29, that are distantly related to type I interferons (IFNs) and the IL-10 family. We found that like type I IFNs, IL-28 and IL-29 were induced by viral infection and showed antiviral activity. However, IL-28 and IL-29 interacted with a heterodimeric class II cytokine receptor that consisted of IL-10 receptor beta (IL-10Rbeta) and an orphan class II receptor chain, designated IL-28Ralpha. This newly described cytokine family may serve as an alternative to type I IFNs in providing immunity to viral infection.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12469119&dopt=Abstract
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