DreamPharm Products:
J Helminthol. 2002 Jun;76(2):103-13.
Local variation in endoparasite intensities of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from ecologically similar sites: morphometric and endocrine correlates.
Barnard CJ, Behnke JM, Bajer A, Bray D, Race T, Frake K, Osmond J, Dinmore J, Sinski E.
Animal Behaviour and Ecology Research Group, University of Nottingham, University Park, UK. christopher.barnarottinghaml.ac.uk
Much interest has centred recently on the role of adaptive trade-offs between the immune system and other components of life history in determining resistance and parasite intensities among hosts. Steroid hormones, particularly glucocorticoids and sex steroids, provide a plausible mechanism for mediating such trade-offs. A basic assumption behind the hypothesis, however, is that steroid activity will generally correlate with reduced resistance and thus greater parasite intensities. Here, we present some findings from a field study of bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in which we have looked at associations between parasite intensities, anatomical and morphometric measures relating to endocrine function and life history variation in three local populations inhabiting similar but mutually isolated woodland habitats. In general, sites with greater parasite intensities were those in which male C. glareolus had significantly larger adrenal glands, testes and seminal vesicles for their age and body size. Females also showed a site difference in adrenal gland weight. Some aspects of site-related parasite intensity were associated with asymmetry in adrenal gland weight and hind foot length, which may have reflected developmental effects on glucocorticoid activity.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12015821&dopt=Abstract
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2002 Jun;4(3):211-216.
The Use of Probiotics in Head and Neck Infections.
Roos K, Holm S.
ENT Department, Lundby Hospital, Wieselgrensplatesen 2A, 41717 Goteborg, Sweden. Kristian.rooundbysjukhus.se
Recurrent episodes of infections in the upper respiratory tract are very common. The pathogenesis behind these recurrences is still not well understood, but much attention has been paid to the adherence of the microorganisms to epithelial structures and to the protective function of the normal bacterial flora (bacterial interference). Thus, in vitro as well as in vivo studies have shown that both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria of the normal flora in the upper respiratory tract can hinder the growth of pathogens and the establishment of a renewed infection. Studies have shown that lack of interfering bacteria facilitates recurrence of these diseases. Recolonization with interfering alpha-streptococci has been performed successfully in acute streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, as well as in acute otitis media. The number of recurrences has significantly been lowered in these diseases after recolonization with alpha-streptococci, which is the dominating normal bacteria in the upper respiratory tract. Several mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for this interaction, such as competition of the adhering sites at the epithelial cells, production of hydrogen peroxide, competition for nutritients, and production of specific growth inhibiting factors such as bacteriocins. Other human components like lactoferrin are also important in the defense against microorganisms, and are important parts of the unspecific and specific immune system.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12015913&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Morfologiia. 2001;120(6):54-6.
[Age morphometric characteristics of the human ileocecal valve]
[Article in Russian]
Shadiev ET.
Department of Anatomy, Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan.
The study was performed using 92 preparations of human ileocelal valve, taken from the corpses of men who in their lifetime did not suffer from diseases of digestive or immune systems. Diameters of ileum and cecum adjacent to the ileocelal valve were measured. The length and width of valve fraenula and lips were determined. The results of these measurements were compared among themselves and in age aspect and the regularities of velve development and growth in the course of postnatal ontogenesis were established. The features of changes in parameters of ileocelal valve structures characteristic to each age were detected. It was noted that the dimensions of frenula of the ileocelal valve increase with the increase of the diameter of cecal diameter, while the dimensions of valvular lips are increased with the increase of ileal diameter.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12016766&dopt=Abstract
Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999;24(3):215-8.
[Immunogenicity of retina in mice]
[Article in Chinese]
Gao L, Jiang D.
Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Medical University, Changsha 410011.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunogenicity of retina. METHODS: DBA/2 mice (MHCH-2d) were used as donors, C57BL/6 mice (MHC H-2d) or BALB/C mice (MHC H-2d) as recipients. Half retina of DBA/2 mouse was transplanted subcutaneously to a C57BL/6 or BALB/C mouse. The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and specific killing rate of cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) were detected two weeks later. RESULTS: The results of DTH and specific killing rate of CTL in the retina of DBA/2 mice were significantly lower than the positive group(P < 0.01), but significantly higher than the negative group(P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: MHC Class I and Class II antigen and minor histocompatibility complex antigen(Minor HC) are expressed in the retina of the DBA/2 mouse, which stimulates immune system of recipient to produce weak cellular immune response. It is suggested that the retina has weak immunogenicity.
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12016786&dopt=Abstract
J Biomed Sci. 2002 Nov-Dec;9(6 Pt 2):688-96.
CpG DNA induced IL-12 p40 gene activation is independent of STAT1 activation or production of interferon consensus sequence binding protein.
Bradford M, Schroeder AJ, Morse HC 3rd, Vogel SN, Cowdery JS.
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA.
The host immune system responds to CpG motifs in bacterial DNA by rapidly producing proinflammatory cytokines. The host response to CpG DNA resembles, in many ways, the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). While both agents can induce a powerful inflammatory response, CpG DNA promotes Th1 and suppresses Th2 immunity. The regulation of macrophage IL-12 p40 secretion in response to stimulation with LPS and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is dependent on the action of a nuclear transacting factor, interferon consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP), a STAT1-dependent gene product. We found that CpG DNA induced IL-12 p40 secretion by macrophages from mice with either disrupted STAT1 or ICSBP genes. Additionally, CpG DNA did not induce translocation of transcription factors that bind to the gamma-activated sequence in the ICSBP gene nor did CpG DNA induce ICSBP transcription. CpG DNA, which activates macrophages by the TLR9 pathway, is a strong inducer of IL-12 p40, yet does so independently of IFN-gamma, STAT1 or ICSBP. Thus, CpG DNA-induced IL-12 p40 secretion is mediated by one or more signaling elements distinct from those induced by either LPS or IFN-gamma. 2002 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG, Basel
online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12432235&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which has not yet been completely understood. A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been made available, and used. However, due to the heterogeneity in the underlying cause, there is no perfect cure for all hair loss cases. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.
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