Defolliculated (dfl): a dominant mouse mutation leading to poor sebaceous gland differentiation and total elimination of pelage follicles.

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J Invest Dermatol 2002 Jul;119(1):32-7

Defolliculated (dfl): a dominant mouse mutation leading to poor sebaceous gland differentiation and total elimination of pelage follicles.

Defolliculated is a novel spontaneous mouse mutation that maps to chromosome 11 close to the type I keratin locus. Histology shows abnormal differentiation of the sebaceous gland, with the sebocytes producing little or no sebum and undergoing abnormal cornification. The hair follicles fail to regress during catagen leading to abnormally long follicles. In contrast the hair shafts are shorter than normal, suggesting altered differentiation or proliferation of matrix cells during anagen. The shafts emerge from the follicle with cornified material still attached. The dermis contains increased numbers of immune cells, including T cells (CD4-positive), macrophages, and mast cells, at all time points examined. Complete elimination of all pelage and tail follicles occurs after two to three hair cycles, apparently by necrosis. Defolliculated may be a useful model for determining further functions of the sebaceous gland, and for understanding the regulation of catagen and hair follicle immunology.

Ther Umsch 2002 May;59(5):238-42

Hair loss in internal medical illnesses

Hair loss related to internal diseases is generally temporary and often fully reversible. An iron- or protein-deficiency induced hair loss may be cured by simple substitution. In acute internal diseases, fever and after operations the patient may expect complete recovery of the hair loss without therapy. Symptomatic alopecia due to chronic diseases has a different prognosis and is dependent on the severity and character of the underlaying disease. If the systemic disease can be cured the hair loss may be decreased. Treatment and diagnosis of the systemic disease is recommended to be performed in cooperation with experts of internal medicine, oncologists and specialists of endocrinology.

J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Apr;46(4):517-23

Changes in hair weight and hair count in men with androgenetic alopecia after treatment with finasteride, 1 mg, daily.

BACKGROUND: Finasteride, a type II 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, reduces scalp and serum dihydrotestosterone and has been shown to be effective in men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of finasteride on scalp hair weight in men with AGA. METHODS: Sixty-six men with AGA received finasteride, 1 mg/d, or placebo in a 48-week study, and 49 men continued in a 48-week extension. Efficacy was assessed by scalp hair weights and hair counts. RESULTS: As expected, hair counts improved with finasteride (net mean percent change +/- SE [95% CI] compared with placebo = 9.2% +/- 2.8% [3.8, 14.6] and 15.4% +/- 3.2% [9.1, 21.7] at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively; P <.01 for both time points), and net improvements in hair weight were greater (25.6% +/- 3.6% [18.5, 32.7] and 35.8% +/- 4.6% [26.7, 44.8] at 48 and 96 weeks, respectively; P <.001 for both time points). Finasteride was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: In this study, finasteride, 1 mg, increased hair weight in men with AGA. Hair weight increased to a larger extent than hair count, implying that factors other than the number of hairs, such as increased growth rate (length) and thickness of hairs, contribute to the beneficial effects of finasteride in treated men.

Dermatol Surg. 2003 Mar;29(3):230-4; discussion 234.

Corrective hair restoration techniques for the aesthetic problems of temperoparietal flaps.

BACKGROUND: Temperoparieto-occipital flaps (Juri flap) and temperoparietal flaps (Elliott) were commonly performed in the previous decades but have fallen out of favor for the most part with the development of follicular unit hair transplantation. Besides high complication rates, these procedures created straight abrupt hairlines in many cases, posterior hair direction, hair density that was disproportionately thick, and blunt temperofrontal angles. OBJECTIVE: Because there are many patients who live with cosmetic deformities created by previous flap procedures, the objective of this article is to present a series of techniques that will restore these patients to normal cosmesis. METHODS: The techniques for amelioration of poor cosmesis secondary to flap procedures are (1) undulating follicular unit grafting anterior to the hairline, (2) removal of 2- to 3-mm cylinders of hair-bearing scalp at the anterior hairline, (3) removal of 2- to 3-mm cylinders of hair-bearing scalp from within the flap itself, and (4) appropriate fusiform excision techniques to create a normal temperofrontal angle. RESULTS: The combination of the aforementioned techniques has restored a very natural cosmesis in patients who have poor aesthetics after flap surgery. CONCLUSION: Many patients exist who have had Juri and Elliott flaps. Although the cosmetic deformities that are created from these flaps are difficult to improve, they can be ameliorated effectively through a series of maneuvers that are described in this article.

Being such a complex biological process, hair growth biology is still a work in progress. Noetheless, several therapeutic methods, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been in use to help those who attempt to restore their hair. None of these approaches are perfect due to the diversity in the causes underlying hair loss. Also, most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.

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