Effect of two consecutive earthquakes on outbreaks of alopecia areata.

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J Dermatol 2002 Jul;29(7):414-8

Effect of two consecutive earthquakes on outbreaks of alopecia areata.

The pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) is still unknown. We investigated whether two consecutive earthquakes in Duzce, Turkey within a 3-month interval could precipitate AA. Patients who developed AA after the first earthquake in Duzce were included in this study. The admittance rate and demographic characteristics of AA patients admitted in the same period of the previous year (BE=before earthquake group) were compared to that of AA patients admitted after the earthquake (AE=after earthquake group). The admittance rate and onset of AA after the first earthquake were investigated retrospectively. In addition, possible relationships between the earthquake and age at the first attack, severity of the disease, and ophiasis were studied. The ratio of AA patients in the BE group was 12/1,121 (0.9%), while this value was 26/1,430 (1.8%) in the AE group (p=0.07). There were no significant differences with regard to sex, age of the first attack, severity of the disease, or ophiasis between the two groups. AA appeared between 18-28 weeks after the first earthquake in 14 (53.8%) of the patients. The earthquake did not increase the admittance rate of AA significantly. This finding suggests that a stressful event such a natural disaster is not a unique factor in AA outbreaks.

Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2001 Jul-Sep;105(3):533-5

Endocrinological disorders in association with alopecia areata-a 27 patients study

Alopecia areata is a dermatological disease, characterized by the loss of hair, which affect men, women and children and can evaluate alone or in association with a variety of other disorders. Between these endocrinological diseases, especial thyroid disorders, have a high incidence. Twenty-seven patients with alopecia areata (12 women and 15 men) aged between 3 and 46 years were endocrinologically investigated. Eighteen of them (66.6%) had endocrinological disorders. Thyroid diseases were present in 10 cases (37%): 4 cases with endemic goiter, 2 cases with nodular goiter and 4 cases with hypothyroidism (1 case with autoimmune thyroiditis, 1 case with nodular goiter, 1 case with cystic goiter and 1 case with hypothyroidism post thyroidectomy for thyroidal lymphoma). Twelve cases (44.4%) were found with tetania. The incidence of thyroid diseases in alopecia areata is higher then in general population (2%), as well as the incidence of tetania. These evidences suggest that it is necessary to make a screening of endocrinological disorders in patients with alopecia areata.

Br J Dermatol 2002 Jun;146(6):992-9

Effects of minoxidil 2% vs. cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Hormone studies have demonstrated the androgen-dependent character of female androgenetic alopecia, but there have been few controlled studies of therapies for alopecia in women. OBJECTIVES: To compare topical minoxidil 2% and cyproterone acetate in the treatment of female alopecia. METHODS: Sixty-six women with female-pattern alopecia were randomly assigned for 12 cycles into two groups, 33 received two local applications (2 mL day-1) of topical minoxidil 2% plus combined oral contraceptive and 33 received cyproterone acetate 52 mg day-1 plus ethinyl oestradiol 35 microg for 20 of every 28 days. RESULTS: A mean reduction of 2.4 +/- 6.2 per 0.36 cm2 in hairs of diameter > 40 microm was observed in the cyproterone acetate group (P = 0.05) and a mean increase of 6.5 +/- 9 per 0.36 cm2 in the minoxidil group (P < 0.001). Comparison of the total number of hairs at 12 months and the body mass index (BMI) revealed a borderline positive correlation in the cyproterone acetate group (r = 0.39, P = 0.06) and a negative correlation in the minoxidil group (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the total number of hairs among cyproterone acetate patients according to the presence or absence of other symptoms of hyperandrogenism, whereas in the minoxidil group, the total number of new hairs was higher in patients with isolated alopecia (Delta = 8.1; P < 0.05). Variations in scalp seborrhoea were significant in both groups, but the result was better (for acne and hirsutism as well) in the cyproterone acetate group than in the minoxidil group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Minoxidil treatment was more effective in the absence of other signs of hyperandrogenism, hyperseborrhoea, and menstrual cycle modifications when the BMI was low, and when nothing argued in favour of biochemical hyperandrogenism. Cyproterone acetate treatment was more effective when other signs were present and when the BMI was elevated, factors that favoured a diagnosis of biochemical hyperandrogenism.

Eur J Dermatol 2002 Jan-Feb;12(1):38-49

Long-term (5-year) multinational experience with finasteride 1 mg in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia.

BACKGROUND: Finasteride 1 mg (Propecia) is indicated for the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia (male pattern hair loss, MPHL). However, the long-term (> 2 years) efficacy and safety of finasteride in this population has not been previously reported. Objectives. To assess the efficacy and safety of finasteride in men with MPHL compared to treatment with placebo over five years. METHODS: In two 1-year, Phase III trials, 1,553 men with MPHL were randomized to receive finasteride 1 mg/day or placebo, and 1,215 men continued in up to four 1-year, placebo-controlled extension studies. Efficacy was evaluated by hair counts, patient and investigator assessments, and panel review of clinical photographs. RESULTS: Treatment with finasteride led to durable improvements in scalp hair over five years (p 3/4 0.001 versus placebo, all endpoints), while treatment with placebo led to progressive hair loss. Finasteride was generally well tolerated and no new safety concerns were identified during long-term use. CONCLUSIONS: In men with MPHL, long-term treatment with finasteride 1 mg/day over five years was well tolerated, led to durable improvements in scalp hair growth, and slowed the further progression of hair loss that occurred without treatment.

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DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.

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