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Pediatr Dermatol 2002 Jul-Aug;19(4):298-301
A clinical study of childhood alopecia areata in Singapore.
Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cause of nonscarring alopecia. The aim of this epidemiologic study is to review the clinical characteristics and treatment of childhood alopecia areata in a mixed ethnic population. The study population consisted of a total of 392 children seen over a 4-year period with AA diagnosed before the age of 16 years. The female:male ratio was 1:1.4. There were 309 Chinese (78.8%), 51 Malays (13.0%), and 32 Indians (8.2%). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 11.2 years. The majority of patients (71.7%) had alopecia of less than 6-months duration and 6% had previous episodes of AA. Females appeared to have more severe involvement. A familial history of AA was observed in 33 patients (8.4%). Associated atopy was found in 26.6% of patients and in 32.3% of their first-degree relatives. Other associations such as vitiligo or Down syndrome were rare. For limited AA, topical and/or intralesional corticosteroid was the first-line treatment used and squaric acid dibutyl ester was the choice of treatment for patients with extensive involvement. The profile of the poor respondents to therapy included young age of onset, past history of AA, Down syndrome, and extensive involvement.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Jul;27(5):366-72
Clinical relevance of hair microscopy in alopecia.
Hair microscopy can clarify the cause of hair loss in a range of diagnoses. Most of these are associated with hair breakage, the rest are related to lack of growth. Hair breakage may be due to excessive trauma or underlying susceptibility, where structural clues may be present. Lack of growth reflects follicular dynamics and represents the central mechanism of most common causes of alopecia. In such conditions, microscopy only reveals nonspecific confirmation of short anagen. Although this may assist clinical diagnosis, microscopy in alopecia only allows exclusion of diagnoses related to hair breakage. Confidence in the outcome of hair microscopy is based on the size of the sample of hairs, the length of the hair, the characteristics of the observations and the experience of the person undertaking the microscopy.
Transgenic Res 2002 Jun;11(3):241-7
Inducible, reversible hair loss in transgenic mice.
Telogen effluvium is a common type of hair loss. Although the morphological changes associated with telogen effluvium have been well characterized, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown, and no animal models have been developed. We report here that inducible transgenic mice expressing high levels of the transcription factor, tTA (tetracycline transactivator), plus a reporter luciferase gene, show a reversible hair loss phenotype. Skin of these mice exhibits an increase in the number of hair follicles at the telogen phase, but a decreased number of follicles at the anagen phase. These changes resemble skin pathology seen in patients with telogen effluvium, which suggests that the inducible transgenic mice may be useful as a model for this disorder. Moreover, since overexpression of several other transgenes failed to cause skin pathology, the present findings also indicate types of molecular abnormalities that may cause reversible hair loss.
Clin Immunol. 2003 Mar;106(3):181-7.
Transfer of alopecia areata in the human scalp graft/Prkdc(scid) (SCID) mouse system is characterized by a TH1 response.
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition directed at hair follicles, which results in loss of hair. We have previously demonstrated that it is possible to transfer hair loss, along with the immunohistologic findings of alopecia areata, to human scalp grafts on Prkdc(scid) (SCID) mice by injection of autologous activated lesional T-cells. This study examines the cytokine profile of T-cells and follicular epithelium following transfer of hair loss. Two consistent findings significantly (P < 0.01) associated with hair loss were production of interferon-gamma-inducible protein-10 kDa (IP-10) by follicular epithelium (13/13), and production of INF-gamma by infiltrating T-cells (10/12). Noninjected control grafts regrew hair, and were generally negative for IP-10 (positive 2/9), and INF-gamma (positive 2/9), but expressed of IL-10 on the follicular epithelium (7/9). These data support an INF-gamma TH1 pathogenesis for hair loss in alopecia areata.
Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which is still not thoroughly understood.
A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been made available, and used. However, due to the diversity of the problems underlying hair loss, there is no single solution for all hair loss cases. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.
Hair Million is an alternative solution to hair loss problems. Anecdotally, it shows prositive results and improvement especially for age-related hair thinning and hair loss for a fraction of people who take it. We do not know the mechanisms of action as to how Hair Million works to help stop hair loss, and promote hair growth.
We only know by anecdotal observations. There has been no clinical trials nor placebo controlled statistical analysis on the efficacy of Hair Million on hair loss and hair growth.
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