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Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):783-6
Implication of VEGF, steroid hormones and neuropeptides in hair follicle cell responses
Human hair follicles progress independently through the anagen, catagen, telogen and latency phases that correspond to growth arrest and hair shedding before initiation of a new anagen phase. Hair follicles are self-renewing and contain reservoirs of multi-potent stem cells. Identification of the messenger molecules and pathways operating in the growth and cycling of hair follicles, have provided substantial data. However, only a limited number of these signals is well understood. The specific response of hair follicle cells to these signals is correlated with the expression of their corresponding receptors. What regulates these responses? In this review, we will focus on the hair cycle and its control mechanisms. We will provide some elements in answer to these questions and present some of the markers of hair follicle cells, and hormonal and vascular growth factors, which may regulate respectively hair follicle cell metabolism and cycle, and the neuropeptide impact on hair follicle response and hair growth. The results of our study show the modifications in various expression patterns of receptors in dermal papilla cells, and demonstrate the cross-interaction between these different components. In conclusion, we present an accumulation of evidence suggesting that the regulation of hair growth requires a combination of hormonal, vascular and neuropeptide approaches that will provide further insight in defining new treatments for hair loss.
J Cutan Med Surg 2002 Jan-Feb;6(1):1-9
Effects of finasteride on apoptosis and regulation of the human hair cycle.
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have provided evidence that apoptosis is a central element in the regulation of hair follicle regression. In androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the exact location and control of key players in the apoptotic pathways remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we used a panel of antibodies and investigated the spatial and cellular pattern of expression of caspases and inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs), such as XIAP and FLIP, in men with normal scalp and in men with AGA before and after 6 months of treatment with 1 mg oral finasteride treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Constitutive expression of caspases-1, -3, -8, and -9 and XIAP was detected predominantly within the isthmic and infundibular hair follicle area, basilar layer of the epidermis, and eccrine and sebaceous glands. AGA-affected tissues showed an increase in caspase (-1, -3, -6, -9) immunoreactivity with a concomitant decrease in XIAP staining. After 6 months of finasteride treatment, both caspases and XIAP were similar to levels exhibited by normal subjects. Immunoblot analysis was performed to determine antibody specificity and cellular expression of caspases. Purified populations of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal papilla, and dermal fibroblasts derived from human hair follicles were cultured in vitro and treated with 0.5 mm staurosporin. Time-course experiments revealed that processing of caspase-3 is a principal event during apoptosis of these hair cell types. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that alterations in levels of caspases and IAPs regulate hair follicle homeostasis. Moreover, finasteride appears to influence caspase and XIAP expression in hair follicle cells thus signaling anagen, active growth in the hair cycle.
Rev Med Liege 2001 Oct;56(10):699-702
Cutaneous side effects of interferons
The alpha, beta and gamma recombinant interferons are indicated in a growing spectrum of therapeutic indications. Some unwanted side effects occur on the skin. The main clinical presentations include vesiculo-bullous sometimes infiltrated dermatitis, vasculitis, necrosis, ulceration and alopecia. Exacerbation of dermatoses such as psoriasis is also possible.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 May;48(5):752-9.
Transplants from balding and hairy androgenetic alopecia scalp regrow hair comparably well on immunodeficient mice.
Human hair follicles were grafted onto 2 strains of immunodeficient mice to compare the regeneration potential of vellus (miniaturized, balding) and terminal (hairy, nonbalding) follicles from males and a female exhibiting pattern baldness. Each mouse had transplants of both types of follicles from a single donor for direct comparison. Grafted follicles from 2 male donors resulted in nonsignificant differences in mean length (52 mm vs 54 mm) and mean diameter (99 microm vs 93 microm) at 22 weeks for hairs originating from balding and hairy scalp, respectively, corresponding to 400% versus 62% of the mean pretransplantation diameters. Follicles from the female donor transplanted to several mice also resulted in nonsignificant differences in length (43 mm vs 37 mm) for hairs from balding and hairy scalp, respectively, during a period of 22 weeks. The mean diameter of the originally vellus hairs increased 3-fold, whereas the terminal hairs plateaued at approximately 50% of pretransplantation diameter, resulting in a final balding hair volume double that of the nonbalding hairs. This report shows that miniaturized hair follicles of pattern alopecia can quickly regenerate once removed from the human scalp and can grow as well as or better than terminal follicles from the same individual.
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