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Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):841-4
The hair follicle as a target for gene therapy
The hair follicle possesses progenitor cells required for continuous hair follicle cycling and for epidermal keratinocytes, melanocytes and Langerhans cells. These different cell types can be the target of topical gene delivery in the skin of the mouse. Using a combination of liposomes and DNA, we demonstrate the feasibility of targeting hair follicle cells in human scalp xenografts. We consider liposome composition and stage of the hair cycle as important parameters influencing transfection of human hair follicles. Transfection is possible only during the early anagen phase. Factors and obstacles for the use of gene therapy in treating alopecia and skin diseases are discussed. A theoretical framework for future treatment of cutaneous and systemic disorders using gene therapy is presented.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 2002 May;129(5 Pt 2):783-6
Implication of VEGF, steroid hormones and neuropeptides in hair follicle cell responses
Human hair follicles progress independently through the anagen, catagen, telogen and latency phases that correspond to growth arrest and hair shedding before initiation of a new anagen phase. Hair follicles are self-renewing and contain reservoirs of multi-potent stem cells. Identification of the messenger molecules and pathways operating in the growth and cycling of hair follicles, have provided substantial data. However, only a limited number of these signals is well understood. The specific response of hair follicle cells to these signals is correlated with the expression of their corresponding receptors. What regulates these responses? In this review, we will focus on the hair cycle and its control mechanisms. We will provide some elements in answer to these questions and present some of the markers of hair follicle cells, and hormonal and vascular growth factors, which may regulate respectively hair follicle cell metabolism and cycle, and the neuropeptide impact on hair follicle response and hair growth. The results of our study show the modifications in various expression patterns of receptors in dermal papilla cells, and demonstrate the cross-interaction between these different components. In conclusion, we present an accumulation of evidence suggesting that the regulation of hair growth requires a combination of hormonal, vascular and neuropeptide approaches that will provide further insight in defining new treatments for hair loss.
Dermatology 2002;205(2):108-10
Kenogen. A new phase of the hair cycle?
BACKGROUND: A novel phenomenon has been described by the phototrichogram: the emptiness of the follicle after teloptosis. We called this phenomenon kenogen, from the Greek kappaepsilonnuovarsigma, 'empty'. OBJECTIVE: To describe the kenogen phase in its details. METHODS: Analysis of the existing literature. RESULTS: The original observation in 2 women was confirmed in 10 balding and non-balding males studied for 14 years in whom kenogen lasted about 4 months increasing up to about 7 months and affecting 80% of all hair cycles. In 2 women with progressing androgenetic alopecia studied for 2 years, kenogen involved 22% of the hair follicles, lasting from 3 months to 1 year. In a prepubertal boy studied for 1 year, it involved 8% of hairs and lasted about 2 months. CONCLUSION: During kenogen, the hair follicle rests physiologically, but duration and frequency are greater in androgenetic alopecia, possibly accounting for baldness. In addition to the classical cycle, the hair follicle may follow an alternative route during which the telogen phase, not accompanied by a coincident new early anagen, ends with teloptosis leaving the follicle empty.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2000 Mar;15(2):137-9
The effect of hair loss on quality of life.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to quantify the effect of hair loss on quality of life. Patients were recruited from an alopecia support group, and were assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and an adapted version of the DLQI. Financial utility questions, an abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and open-ended questions were also used. OBSERVATIONS: Seventy (90% response rate) questionnaires were returned. DLQI scores in responders with hair loss (mean score = 8.3, SD = 5.6, range 0-23, n = 70) were similar to those recorded in severe psoriasis. The hair loss continued to have a significant impact on life quality well after the initial event (median duration of hair loss = 138 months +/- 114; range 7-588, n = 70). Forty per cent of patients also felt dissatisfied with the way in which their doctor dealt with them. CONCLUSIONS: This study specifically identifies the feelings of loss of self-confidence, low self-esteem and heightened self-consciousness in people affected by hair loss.
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