Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for androgenetic alopecia in men.

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J Dermatol 2002 Aug;29(8):489-98

Comparative efficacy of various treatment regimens for androgenetic alopecia in men.

Our understanding of the aetiology of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has substantially increased in recent years. As a result, several treatment modalities have been tried with promising results especially in early stages of AGA. However, as far as has been ascertained, there is no comprehensive study comparing the efficacy of these agents alone and in combination with each other. One hundered male patients with AGA of Hamilton grades II to IV were enrolled in an open, randomized, parallel-group study, designed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of oral finasteride (1 mg per day), topical 2% minoxidil solution and topical 2% ketoconazole shampoo alone and in combination. They were randomized into four groups. Group I (30 patients) was administered oral finasteride, Group II (36 patients) was given a combination of finasteride and topical minoxidil, Group III (24 patients) applied minoxidil alone and Group IV (10 patients) was administered finasteride with topical ketoconazole. Treatment efficacy was assessed on the basis of patient and physician assessment scores and global photographic review during the study period of one year. At the end of one year, hair growth was observed in all the groups with best results recorded with a combination of finasteride and minoxidil (Group II) followed by groups IV, I and III. Subjects receiving finasteride alone or in combination with minoxidil or ketoconazole showed statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) over minoxidil only recipients. No signifcant side-effects related to the drugs were observed. In conclusion, it is inferred that the therapeutic efficacy is enhanced by combining the two drugs acting on different aetiological aspects of AGA.

Br J Dermatol 2002 Apr;146(4):601-8

The hairless gene in androgenetic alopecia: results of a systematic mutation screening and a family-based association approach.

BACKGROUND: Genetic disposition and androgen dependence are important characteristics of the common patterned loss of scalp hair known as androgenetic alopecia (AGA). The genetic factors contributing to AGA are currently unknown. The human hairless gene (HR) has recently been cloned and mutations have been reported in families with autosomal recessive universal congenital alopecia and papular atrichia. The main feature of these disorders is persistent complete absence of hair at or shortly after birth. This suggests that HR is essential and specific for the development of hair. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that HR may be involved in AGA. METHODS: We systematically screened HR for genetic variability by means of single-strand conformation analysis (SSCA) in 46 unrelated men with AGA. To test for an involvement of HR in the development of AGA, seven common variants were genotyped in 61 families with 93 affected offspring. The results were analysed with the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). RESULTS: SSCA showed 15 single nucleotide substitutions: eight missense mutations, four silent mutations and three mutations in exon-flanking intronic sequences. TDT results showed a marginally significant association between AGA and variants 3379-29G/T (P = 0.024) and 2611-68C/T (P = 0.047). These results, however, did not remain significant after applying the conservative Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not provide evidence for a strong involvement of HR in the development of AGA, although a minor role cannot be fully excluded.

Indian J Cancer 2000 Jun-Sep;37(2-3):95-104

Occurrence and severity of alopecia in patients on combination chemotherapy.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence and severity of alopecia resulting from combination chemotherapy on cancer patients. The study was conducted during the period 1994-1996 on 58 confirmed cases of malignancies attending the Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, South India. The treatment regimens followed were standard protocols recommended for those malignancies and which are widely adopted. Specific drug combinations, their dosage and routes and schedules of administration were studied. The influence of 20 different treatment regimens, most of them in combination chemotherapy, were studied. The patients studied were not receiving any other medication which could have caused alopecia as observed in the present study. The pathophysiology of the hair, as influenced by the treatment regimens, were studied by examination of samples of the affected hairs under a Leica compound microscope. Alopecia was the most dominant side effect influencing 35 of the 58 patients undergoing the treatment (60%). The severity of alopecia was assessed by grouping them in four distinct grades. Specific drugs and their combinations causing varying degrees of severity were identified. The initiation of hair loss in different treatment regimens were analysed. It is seen that alopecia is an early manifestation of cutaneous side effects of cancer chemotherapy. In a majority of patients, the manifestation initiated after the first or the second cycle of administration of the rapeutic regimen, indicating a time interval of 1 to 8 weeks after the start of chemotherapy. Single agent drugs, when used alone or in combination with immunomodulator drugs seem to cause much less side effects, including alopecia, when compared to multiple drug regimens. Microscopic examination of the affected hair showed trichorrhexis, fragmentation, decrease in diameter and depigmentation of the hair shaft.

Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2001 Sep;10(3):147-63

Hair and cancer chemotherapy: consequences and nursing care--a literature study.

Hair is a body appendage that throughout history has been a symbol of the social, cultural and political climate, in addition to connoting religious affiliation. Hair loss on the other hand has been associated with a loss of attractiveness, individuality, a state of disgrace and illness, in addition to the ageing process, death and a loss of sexuality. One of the most common side-effects of chemotherapy is hair loss (alopecia). Alopecia can range from sporadic thinning of the hair to complete baldness. Several factors may contribute to the severity of hair loss including drug, dose and schedule as well as hair care practices. Prevention of alopecia has been a focus in the medical and nursing literature since the late 1960s. Mechanical, physical and biological measures have been used with varying success. The goal of prevention is primarily the reduction of patient distress caused by chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Patient reactions to alopecia vary and may be dependent on the individual importance of hair, prognosis, degree of expected hair loss, the amount of information and preparation given, and physical and psychological coping mechanisms. Nurses play an important role in assisting the patient to cope with alopecia by giving the needed information and teaching self-care strategies to minimize alopecia, cope with alopecia, and protect the skin and eyes following alopecia. These interventions are aimed at helping the patient move through a potentially devastating experience to a renewed sense of well-being.

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