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Endocrinology 2002 Nov;143(11):4389-96
Vitamin D3 analogs stimulate hair growth in nude mice.
The active form of vitamin D3 can regulate epidermal keratinization by inducing terminal differentiation; and mice lacking the vitamin D receptor display defects leading to postnatal alopecia. These observations implicate the vitamin D3 pathway in regulation of hair growth. We tested the ability of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 and its synthetic analogs to stimulate hair growth in biege/nude/xid (BNX) nu/nu (nude) mice exhibiting congenital alopecia. Nude mice were treated with different vitamin D3 analogs at doses that we had previously found to be the highest dose without inducing toxicity (hypercalcemia). The mice were monitored for hair growth and were scored according to a defined scale. Skin samples were taken for histological observation of hair follicles and for extraction of RNA and protein. Vitamin D3 analogs dramatically stimulated the hair growth of nude mice, although parental 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 had no effect. Hair growth occurred in a cyclical pattern, accompanied by formation of normal hair follicles and increased expression of certain keratins (Ha7, Ha8, and Hb3). Vitamin D3 analogs seem to act on keratinocytes to initiate hair follicle cycling and stimulate hair growth in mice that otherwise do not grow hair.
Zhonghua Zheng Xing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2002 Jul;18(4):219-20
Dense-packing hair grafting technique for restoration of cicatricial alopecia
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of using dense-packing hair grafting technique for restoration of cicatricial alopecia. METHODS: Under local anesthesia, a scalp strip was harvested from the back of the head. A series of micro-grafts with 1-3 hairs and mini-grafts with 4-6 hairs were created from this strip. In the scarring recipient area, micro-slots were made with a 18 G needle for the micro-grafts and mini-slits were made with a No. 64 mini-blade for the mini-grafts. The grafts were then implanted into these holes. RESULTS: Ninety-six patients with 128 bald scarring areas, resulted from burn, trauma or infection, were treated with the above-mentioned technique from April. 1998 to February. 2000. All of the patients were satisfied with the appearance. In the micro-graft area, the graft density reached 10-15 mini-grafts/cm2 per session. In the micro-graft area, the graft density reached 16-19 micro-grafts/cm2 per session. Postoperative following-up for more than 1 year showed that the grafted hairs were growing well with 90%-95% survival of the hair. One third of the patients obtained satisfactory results with only one session. Two thirds of the patients needed the second session to improve the appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The dense-packing hair grafting technique is a simple, safe and effective method for hair restoration surgery. It is not only used for male pattern baldness, but could also be applied for restoration of cicatricial alopecia.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Sep;27(6):458-60
Disappearance of pili annulati following an episode of alopecia areata.
Pili annulati is a distinctive autosomal dominant hair shaft disorder that produces alternating light and dark bands that can give a spangled appearance to the hair. The literature contains three case reports of patients in whom the condition has disappeared following recovery from alopecia totalis. None of these reports contain a direct microscopic comparison of pre- and post-regrowth hairs. We report a 6-year-old girl who was first noted to have pili annulati at the age of 2 years and who developed alopecia totalis at the age of 3 years. When the hair regrew spontaneously, 18 months later, the pili annulati was no longer visible. Hair samples obtained before and after the episode of alopecia areata were compared by normal and cross-polarized light microscopy. While not apparent on careful clinical examination, banding was present on light microscopy in 20% of the hairs. Eighty per cent of the affected hairs displayed banding throughout their entire length. In contrast, prior to the episode of alopecia totalis, when the pili annulati was clearly visible, 50% of the hair obtained was banded on microscopy and 90% of the affected hairs showed banding throughout their microscopic length.
J Invest Dermatol 2002 Feb;118(2):335-7
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele 2 and familial alopecia areata.
Alopecia areata affects 1%-2% of the population and is hypothesized to be an autoimmune, organ specific T-cell mediated reaction directed against the human hair follicle. It is characterized by loss of hair in patches (alopecia areata) with progression in some individuals to total loss of scalp hair (alopecia totalis) or to loss of all scalp and body hair (alopecia universalis). The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) gene was found to be associated with more severe clinical outcome in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including alopecia areata. The IL-1RN*2 allele was found to be associated with alopecia areata severity in a British case-control study. In this paper, we analyzed alopecia areata probands in a family-based sample (n = 131 parent-offspring trios) to study the association between alleles of the IL-1RN and various phenotypes of alopecia areata. In considering all patients with any form of alopecia areata, no association was found with IL-1RN. IL-1RN*2 allele was not associated with alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis. A borderline association was observed between IL-1RN and patchy alopecia areata but it was not statistically significant (p =0.06). We also observed an association between IL1-RN*1 allele and patchy alopecia areata (p =0.045).
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