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Dermatology 2003;206(2):85-95

Steroidogenic isoenzymes in human hair and their potential role in androgenetic alopecia.


Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss. The relatively strong concordance of the degree of baldness in fathers and sons is not consistent with a simple Mendelian trait, and a polygenic basis is considered to be most likely. So far, the predisposing genes for AGA are unknown and we do not understand the molecular steps involved in androgen-dependent beard growth versus androgen-dependent hair loss, but AGA can be defined as a dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-dependent process with continuous miniaturization of sensitive hair follicles. The type 2 5alpha-reductase plays a central role by the intrafollicular conversion of testosterone to DHT. However, due to the increasing knowledge in this field, we now know that there are many more steroidogenic enzymes involved in the onset and development of AGA, and this article shall provide a critical overview of recent discoveries.

J Dermatol 2002 Oct;29(10):653-6

Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia associated with disseminated flat warts and alopecia areata.


Idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia is a very rare condition characterized by persistent depletion of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes, without evidence of HIV or HTLV infection, or other identifiable causes of immunodeficiency. The syndrome can present with dermatological diseases, including viral, fungal and bacterial infections, as well as Kaposi's sarcoma, epithelial cell malignancies, lymphoma and inflammatory dermatoses. We report the case of a 47-year-old woman with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia who presented with a 10-year history of disseminated and refractory flat warts from which human papillomavirus type 3 DNA was identified. The patient also had alopecia areata.


Australas J Dermatol 2002 Nov;43(4):311-2

Sensitization to saw palmetto and minoxidil in separate topical extemporaneous treatments for androgenetic alopecia.


We report a 24-year-old woman with androgenetic alopecia who became sensitized to topical minoxidil following use of an extemporaneous preparation of minoxidil 4% with retinoic acid in a propylene glycol base. She subsequently also became sensitized to saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), a topical herbal extract commonly promoted for the treatment of hair loss.


J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Nov;47(5):795

Female pattern hair loss.


In this issue of the Journal (pages 733-9), Shum et al1 describe 4 female patients with increased androgens whose central scalp hair loss responded to finasteride. This is an important observation and one that highlights why the term androgenetic or androgenic alopecia, as used to describe the hereditary pattern balding of men, should be replaced with the term female pattern hair loss when applied to women.2 It is clear that only a small but distinct subset of women with central scalp pattern hair loss, such as the patients presented in the report by Shum et al, has signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne, hirsutism, and irregular periods with or without elevation of serum androgens. Therefore these women may have hair loss resulting from a different mechanism and may respond differently to treatments targeted at androgen blockade than women with a similar type of hair loss but without evidence of hyperandrogenism. Certainly these women with hyperandrogenemia may develop, in contradistinction to those without hyperandrogenemia, a Hamilton pattern of hair loss (male pattern baldness). Many of these women may, on more careful evaluation, have polycystic ovarian syndrome.

It is not surprising that a 5-reductase inhibitor such as finasteride, which has documented efficacy in men with androgenetic alopecia3,4 and has been shown to advantageously affect hirsutism,5,6 may cause hair growth in women with female pattern hair loss and hyperandrogenism. The fact that finasteride has not previously been shown to induce hair growth in postmenopausal women with “androgenetic alopecia”7 speaks for (1) adoption of different terminology for this type of hair loss in women and (2) separate evaluation of the different subgroups of women with female pattern hair loss as recently described,2 that is, early onset with and without hyperandrogenemia and late onset/postmenopausal with and without hyperandrogenemia. We should not be too quick to rule out efficacy of a potential therapeutic agent in all women with female pattern hair loss without first testing it in all the various subsets of women.

Clearly, finasteride may be an effective treatment for women with early-onset female pattern hair loss and hyperandrogenemia, but definitive results would require a large, well-controlled trial. Such a trial would likely necessitate inclusion of a “placebo” run-in phase with an oral contraceptive, both to protect these women of child-bearing potential from getting pregnant while taking a drug known to cause genital abnormalities in male fetuses and to rule out any effect from the oral contraceptive alone on female pattern hair loss (a study that needs to be conducted in any case). Anecdotal reports, such as that presented by Shum et al,1 should ignite interest in evaluating finasteride and other 5-reductase inhibitors, either type II or combination type I/II, in women with female pattern hair loss, a group of patients whose current treatment options are extremely limited.


Being such a complex biological process, hair growth biology is still a work in progress. Noetheless, several therapeutic methods, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been in use to help those who attempt to restore their hair. None of these approaches are perfect due to the diversity in the causes underlying hair loss. Also, most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.

DreamPharm offers Hair Million to address hair loss problems. Numerous anecdotal cases have demonstrated that this herbal formula based on authentic Chinese herbs actually improves the age-related hair thinning and hair loss among a significant fraction of people who take it regularly. We still do not understand the mechanisms of action as to how Hair Million works to stop hair loss and promote hair growth, despite all the positive anecdotal observations. Neither scientific research nor placebo controlled clinical analysis has been conducted because it will cost dearly. Lack of scientific/clinical research is quite common in herbal arena. Just because science hasn't scrutinized we should not stop taking daily food and herbal supplements altogether: our life must go on until we have better understandings of food and herb. There are two merits in this hair restoration herbal formula: Firstly, Hair Million is relatively inexpensive, and secondly, it is made of edible herbs that are known to be safe when consumed in regular quantities. For scientifically proven prescription medication, check Buy Propecia Online.










DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.





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