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J Am Acad Dermatol 2002 Dec;47(6):856-62
Primary follicular mucinosis: long-term follow-up of patients younger than 40 years with and without clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement.
Since the original descriptions of follicular mucinosis, accumulating experience shows that patient age, distribution of lesions, and duration or extent of disease do not reliably distinguish benign primary follicular mucinosis from secondary follicular mucinosis, associated with cutaneous lymphoma. More recently, it has been suggested that individuals with follicular mucinosis demonstrating a clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement may be at higher risk for the development of lymphoma. Long-term follow-up of 7 patients younger than 40 years with primary follicular mucinosis are reported. In all cases, there was no clinical or histologic evidence of associated dermatoses or lymphoma at the time of diagnosis. Five of the patients have clonal T-cell gene rearrangement as determined by Southern blot analysis. Clinically, at the time of diagnosis, lesions of primary follicular mucinosis ranged from papules confined to the face to widespread cutaneous plaques. After a mean follow-up of 10 years (range, 5-23 years) from the onset of disease, the majority of patients continue to have cutaneous manifestations of follicular mucinosis despite various treatments. There is no evidence of progression to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in any patient despite the presence of a clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Continued prolonged follow-up of patients with clonal primary follicular mucinosis is necessary to determine the significance of infiltrates harboring a T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. However, in our experience with this group of selected patients, primary follicular mucinosis has been a clonal disorder with limited or "benign" cutaneous manifestations.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Jul;27(5):405-9
Epidemiology and genetics of alopecia areata.
The frequency of alopecia areata and observed patterns of heritability are in keeping with a polygenic inheritance model but the genetics of alopecia areata is still poorly understood. The role of environmental factors in triggering disease initiation or exacerbation remains almost entirely speculative. Using the candidate gene approach, three susceptibility/severity factors have been identified. HLA alleles were the first to show a strong association with alopecia areata and some DQB and DR alleles have been demonstrated to confer a high risk for disease by both case-control and family-based studies. Interleukin (IL)-1 cluster genes, mainly the IL-1 receptor antagonist, show a strong association with disease severity in alopecia areata and a number of other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Finally, the association of alopecia areata with Down's syndrome, the high frequency of alopecia areata in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I due to mutations of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3 and the finding of association with MX1, another gene in the Down's syndrome region of chromosome 21 indicate this area of the genome as a promising target for future-family based investigations. The role of individual genes of the MHC, IL-1 cluster or chromosome 21q22.3 is difficult to establish and further genetic and functional investigations are needed to confirm their involvement in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
Ther Umsch 2002 May;59(5):217-22
Diffuse hair loss in women
The complaint "Doctor, I am losing my hair" represents a particular challenge to the physician, and involves making a specific diagnosis, selecting an appropriate therapy, and expressing empathy for the patient's anxiety. Diffuse hair loss in women was formerly classified as an entity of its own. Since the identification of female pattern hair loss, most cases have been recognized to be due to androgenetic alopecia, often during phases of life characterized by fluctuations of sexual hormone levels or in connection with intake or cessation of hormonal therapy. The most difficult differential diagnosis includes androgenetic alopecia, chronic telogen effluvium, and psychogenic pseudo efflvuium. Androgenetic alopecia is due to androgen-induced, non-synchronized, progressive shortening of the hair growth cycle and gradually leads to thinning of the central scalp area. Idiopathic chronic telogen effluvium typically occurs in women, starting abruptly without a recognizable initiating factor, and involves the entire scalp area with increased shedding of telogen hair. It is believed to be due to synchronization phenomena of the cyclic hair growth. Psychogenic pseudo effluvium affects fashion-oriented, self-conscious women suffering of a discrepancy between the actual state of their hair and idealized expectations. Later the problem of age-related hair thinning oft becomes a surrogate for the more generalized problem of senescence. Rational therapy of androgenetic alopecia aims at blocking the androgen effect on hair follicles with estrogens and antiandrogens or at pharmacologically reversing vellus hair transformation with topical minoxidil. In contrast, women with idiopathic chronic telogen effluvium should be reassured that their problem is rather a state of exaggerated "hair shedding" than of actual "hair loss".
Rev Environ Health 2001 Jul-Sep;16(4):233-51
Adverse health effects of selenium in humans.
Epidemiologic studies and case reports have shown that chronic exposure to selenium compounds is associated with several adverse health effects in humans. An early toxic effect of selenium is on endocrine function, particularly on the synthesis of thyroid hormones following dietary exposure of around 300 micrograms Se/d, and on the metabolism of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Other adverse effects of selenium exposure can be the impairment of natural killer cells activity and at higher levels, hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal disturbances. Dermatologic effects, such as nail and hair loss and dermatitis, occur after exposure to high levels of environmental selenium. Assessing the toxicity and morbidity after long-term exposure to environmental selenium is difficult: neurotoxicity, particularly the degeneration of motor neurons leading to increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, might occur after chronic exposure to both organic and inorganic selenium compounds. The results of laboratory investigations and cohort studies suggest that selenium species exhibit a bivalent effect in cancer, either increasing or decreasing risk. Current environmental selenium exposure limits appear to be inadequate for averting adverse health effects.
Made of well known Chinese traditional herbs, Hair Million is a herbal hair restoration formula that addresses hair loss problems.
Since the herbs have been in use for thousands of years, there have been numerous anecdotal cases so far that Hair Million herbs can really improves the age-related hair thinning and hair loss for a significant fraction of people who take it diligently.
It is unknown how Hair Million stops hair loss, and promotes hair growth, despite all the anecdotal observations.
Neither scientific research nor placebo controlled clinical trials has been conducted due to the cost.
Shortage or total lack of scientific/clinical research is not uncommon in herbal/nutritional arena.
It is not reasonable to stop taking daily food and herbal supplements altogether just because of scietific/clinical support: our life must go on while we stive to better understand food and herb.
There are two merits that Hair Million enjoys: Firstly, Hair Million is relatively inexpensive, and secondly, it is made only of edible herbs that are known to be safe when consumed in regular quantities. Propecia is a clinically tested prescription drug for hair loss treatment.
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