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Curr Biol 2003 Feb 18;13(4):333-8
Notch/RBP-J Signaling Regulates Epidermis/Hair Fate Determination of Hair Follicular Stem Cells.
Notch signaling is involved in the cell fate determination of various cell lineages. Notch interaction with its ligand induces the cleavage of its intracellular domain (IC), and the Notch IC translocates to the nucleus and binds to RBP-J to transactivate transcription of target genes. All four Notches in mammals bind to RBP-J to exert their transactivation activities. Notch is expressed in developing or differentiating epidermis and hairs, inhibits the terminal differentiation of the epidermis, and regulates hair differentiation. The common stem cells that reside in the upper portion of hair follicles (the bulge) contribute to epidermal and hair cell formation. However, it is unknown what determines whether hair follicular stem cells will become hairs or epidermis. Here we report that conditionally disrupting the mouse RBP-J gene in a mosaic pattern to avoid embryonic lethality of RBP-J-deficiency caused hair loss, epidermal hyperkeratinization, and epidermal cyst formation. Cyst formation is probably due to a combination of the aberrant fate determination of RBP-J-deficient stem cells to epidermal progenitors and their accelerated differentiation into epidermis. These results suggest that Notch/RBP-J signaling regulates the cell fate determination of hair follicular stem cells at the bulge region.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2003; 111(1):414-421
Hair Transplantation for Men with Advanced Degrees of Hair Loss
In the field of surgical hair restoration, there is probably no greater challenge than treating the individual with advanced male pattern hair loss. Recent developments in follicular unit grafting and recognition of the natural appearance of the transplanted frontal forelock have now made it possible to obtain excellent, undetectable results in these patients. Over a 22-month period, the onset correlating with the time when the author began to use the technique of follicular unit grafting, 61 of 322 hair transplant procedures (approximately 20 percent) performed for male pattern hair loss were on men with, or at high risk of developing, advanced male pattern hair loss. Uniformly, the creation of some type of frontal forelock provided excellent results and high patient satisfaction. The concept of the frontal forelock is not new. Developments in aesthetic principles, enhanced understanding of its applicability, and the applied advantages of follicular unit grafting allow for the first time, truly undetectable results.
Ther Umsch 2002 May;59(5):243-50
Scarring alopecias
The irreversibility and the possible important cosmetic consequences of scarring alopecia demand special diagnostic attention in order to promptly attain a precise diagnosis and specific treatment. Scarring alopecias are either due to permanent damage to essential parts of the hair follicle or destruction of the entire hair follicle. They are classified into the categories of primary scarring alopecias, where the hair follicle is the primary target of destruction, and secondary scarring alopecias, where the follicular damage results incidentally from events around impinging on the follicular unit. The differential diagnosis of the more common primary scarring alopecias, e.g. follicular lichen planus, chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and folliculitis decalvans, can be difficult when based only on anamnestic and clinical findings. The scalp biopsy is essential for appropriate nosologic classification and has prognostic relevance. The primary therapeutic goal is to halt progression of the irreversible process as early as possible by means of immunomodulatory, immunosuppressive or antiinfectious agents, respectively.
Dermatology 2002;204(1):33-6
Perception of baldness and hair density.
BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia needs to be scored precisely. OBJECTIVE: A possible measure is the ratio between the hair density in the parietal area and that in the occipital area which, being not affected by baldness, supposedly has a 'normal' density. METHODS: On the vertex and just below the occipital protuberance of 109 men, two 1-cm(2) areas were identified. In both areas, hairs were clipped short and photographed by a videomicroscope. Hairs were then counted within a 30-mm(2)-wide central square section. RESULTS: In the occipital area, the average count was 127/cm(2), without differences among the Hamilton/Norwood classes. In the parietal area, the average density significantly diminished from 138 to 47/cm(2). A main difference was found between classes 1-3 vertex and classes 4-6. CONCLUSIONS: The parietal/occipital ratio decreased significantly only when baldness was clinically manifest. The parietal/occipital ratio cannot be a better measure of baldness severity than the rough Hamilton/Norwood scale. The perception of early baldness does not depend on the diminished hair density, but also on the progressive thinning of the hair shafts.
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DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones)
or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.
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