Effect of minoxidil on hair growth in androgenic alopecia in women

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Pol Merkuriusz Lek 2002 Sep;13(75):208-11

Effect of minoxidil on hair growth in androgenic alopecia in women

The aim of the study was to carry out clinical and trichological examination (trichogram and assessment of hair loss) before and after treatment in 17 women aged 41-50 years with androgenic alopecia. Minoxidil (Loxon) was topically applied twice a day massaging the solution into the scalp over 6-12 months. It was revealed on the ground of clinical and trichological examination that the medication containing 2% solution of minoxidil externally applied on the scalp with androgenic alopecia over a few months caused normalization of hair root condition and decrease of hair loss in some patients of the observed group. The drug has a stimulating influence on hair growth and should be administered as an adjuvant therapy in androgenic alopecia in women.

J Dermatol 2002 Oct;29(10):661-4

Seventeen cases of alopecia areata: combination of SADBE topical immunotherapy with other therapies.

Topical immunotherapy is effective for severe alopecia areata. However, there are patients with alopecia areata refractory to topical immunotherapy alone. We tried SADBE (squaric acid dibutylester) topical immunotherapy combined with topical dry ice cryotherapy, carpronium chloride (a parasympathetic nerve stimulant) and/or oral cepharanthin (a biscoclaur alkaloid) in alopecia areata refractory to topical SADBE. Seventeen patients with alopecia areata (3 multiple, 3 ophiasis, 5 totalis and 6 universalis) were treated with SADBE in our department in 1999 to 2001. In 3 cases (2 multiple and 1 universalis) out of the 17 cases, cosmetically acceptable regrowth of hair was observed in several months with topical SADBE alone. In the other 14 cases, the SADBE therapy alone for several months (mean: 6.9 months) resulted in no or poor regrowth of hair. However, with subsequent combination therapy of topical SADBE for several months (mean: 7.6 months), satisfactory regrowth of hair was observed in 6 of the 14 cases. Our cases indicate that combination therapy of topical SADBE with other therapies can be a choice for alopecia areata which is refractory to topical SADBE therapy alone.

Arch Dermatol 2002 Jul;138(7):916-22

Mediation of alopecia areata by cooperation between CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes: transfer to human scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. DESIGN: Relapse of alopecia areata was induced in autologous human scalp grafts on Prkdc(scid) mice by injection of activated T lymphocytes derived from lesional skin. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were separated by magnetic beads before injection. SETTING: University-based dermatology practice. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven patients with either alopecia totalis or severe alopecia areata. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hair regrowth, hair loss, and immunohistochemical findings of scalp explants. INTERVENTION: Transfer of scalp T cells to autologous lesional scalp explants on Prkdc(scid) mice. RESULTS: Injection of unseparated T cells and mixed CD4+ plus CD8+ T cells resulted in significant hair loss (P<.01) in 5 of 5 experiments. However, injection of purified CD4+ or CD8+ T cells alone did not result in reproducible hair loss. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells induced follicular expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54), HLA-DR, and HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C after injection into scalp grafts. CONCLUSIONS: CD4+ and CD8+ T cells have a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. It is hypothesized that CD8+ T cells act as the effector cells, with CD4+ T cell help. It is now necessary to look for HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C associations with alopecia areata. Therapeutic manipulations that interfere with CD8+ activity should be examined.

Br J Dermatol. 2003 Jun;148(6):1205-11.

Female alopecia: the mediating effect of attachment patterns on changes in subjective health indicators.

Background The interrelationship between female alopecia and psychological disorders is complex, with a range of psychosocial consequences, but also antecedents. Psychosocial antecedents are to a large extent interpersonal and can be assumed to have a mediating effect on health care utilization and subjective health. Objectives To analyse whether changes in health-related quality of life (QoL) are mediated by relational or attachment styles and whether these styles are associated with a particular, dysmorphophobic type of alopecia. Methods Seventy-four women with androgenetic and diffuse alopecia underwent psychological assessment at the first consultation at a university clinic and at 2 months' follow-up. Attachment styles were evaluated by an observer rating scale. As a primary endpoint a disease-specific QoL instrument was employed. Results Findings indicated an association between patients with nonvisible hair loss and the ambivalent attachment style. Global clinical impressions and attachment indicators, e.g. attachment security and coping strategies, showed significant contributions in predicting changes in the QoL scales 'self-esteem' and 'emotions'. Conclusions These findings suggest that attachment security may be one of the underlying mechanisms mediating subjective health and that a specific attachment vulnerability can be identified in a subgroup of patients with female alopecia. Future studies will have to focus on the relevance of attachment patterns in the doctor-patient relationship and on psychotherapeutic interventions.

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