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J Invest Dermatol 2002 Dec;119(6):1237-43
Loss of cell adhesion in Dsg3bal-Pas mice with homozygous deletion mutation (2079del14) in the desmoglein 3 gene.
Pemphigus encompasses a group of autoimmune blistering diseases with circulating pathogenic autoantibodies recognizing several proteins, including the desmosomal cadherin, desmoglein 3. Targeted disruption of the Dsg3 gene by homologous recombination (Dsg3tm1stan) in mouse results in fragility of the skin and oral mucous membranes, analogous to the human disease. In addition, the Dsg3tm1stan mice develop phenotypic runting and hair loss, identical to that of the mouse mutant, Dsg3bal-2J. The Dsg3bal-2J mice are homozygous for a 1 bp insertion (2275insT) in the Dsg3 gene resulting in a nonfunctional Dsg3 mRNA. In this study, we characterized an allelic mutation, Dsg3bal-Pas, with clinical features similar to those in Dsg3bal-2J. We have identified a 14 bp deletion in exon 13 of the Dsg3 gene resulting in a frameshift and premature termination codon 7 bp downstream from the site of the deletion and causing a truncation of the desmoglein 3 polypeptide by 199 amino acids, eliminating virtually all of the intracellular domain. We demonstrate that, although a Dsg3 mRNA transcript was detectable in Dsg3bal-Pas skin, the corresponding protein for desmoglein 3 was completely absent in the oral mucosal epithelium of homozygous Dsg3bal-Pas compared with that of +/Dsg3bal-Pas mice. No significant changes in the expression of desmogleins 1 and 2 were detected. To elucidate a potential mechanism causing loss of cell adhesion in the Dsg3bal-Pas mice, we generated a myc-tagged truncated Dsg3bal-Pas desmoglein 3 protein and expressed it in keratinocytes. The myc-tagged truncated Dsg3bal-Pas desmoglein 3 protein was found predominantly in the cytoplasm possibly due to increased proteolytic degradation. Cell surface staining was also detected but was jagged, not linear along the cell-cell border like that observed for the full-length desmoglein 3. The expression of the myc-tagged truncated Dsg3bal-Pas desmoglein 3 protein resulted in a reduction in staining of other desmosomal proteins, including desmoglein 1 and 2, plakophilin 2, and plakoglobin. In addition, the cells expressing myc-tagged truncated Dsg3bal-Pas desmoglein 3 protein underwent dramatic changes in cell morphology and exhibited striking extensive filopodia. Collectively, these data showed that the perturbation of desmoglein 3 found in the Dsg3bal-Pas mice resulted in disadhesion of keratinocytes manifested with blistering phenotype.
J Dermatol 2002 Oct;29(10):665-9
Depression circumstantially related to the administration of finasteride for androgenetic alopecia.
In this paper we report 19 patients (14 males, 5 females; mean age 28.16 years +/- 7.68 SD) out of a series of 23 (17 males, 5 females) who developed a mood disturbance (moderate to severe depression) during treatment with finasteride, 1 mg/day orally, for androgenetic alopecia (Hamilton subtypes III-V; Ludwig subtypes I-II). Depression, which significatively impaired sociofamilial relations, sleep and eating behaviour, was associated to marked anxiety in some cases, developed after 9-19 weeks of treatment with finasteride, and promptly resolved after suspension of the drug. Two patients accepted reintroduction of the drug, and depression relapsed within 2 weeks. Depression as an adverse effect of finasteride has been reported only once. Further studies are needed to confirm our circumstantial observations, which are based on a retrospective series of patients.
Clin Exp Dermatol 2002 Jul;27(5):418-21
Cosmetics and hair loss.
Cosmetic hair care products are often implicated by the user or the clinician in cases of hair loss. Yet, these products are used ad lib, in a wide variety of home conditions and on a wide variety of hair types, by millions of consumers every day with no adverse effects. Based on this extensive data set, the absence of literature reports, and a detailed understanding of the mode of action of cosmetic hair care products, we can conclude that they do not cause hair loss. Clinicians investigating cases of hair loss must fully appreciate the hair cycle, the length of time a single fibre may be present on the head, and its biological and cosmetic history in order to understand the causes of hair loss and make the correct diagnosis. With a better understanding of the cosmetic practices used by everyday consumers, the clinician will be in a strong position to help patients re-grow their hair and guide them through a high quality hair care regime.
Rev Med Liege 2001 Oct;56(10):699-702
Cutaneous side effects of interferons
The alpha, beta and gamma recombinant interferons are indicated in a growing spectrum of therapeutic indications. Some unwanted side effects occur on the skin. The main clinical presentations include vesiculo-bullous sometimes infiltrated dermatitis, vasculitis, necrosis, ulceration and alopecia. Exacerbation of dermatoses such as psoriasis is also possible.
Since hair growth is a complicated biological process, modern science has yet to grasp a complete picture. A number of traditional and alternative therapeutic methods that include drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been developed to help those who are losing hair. Unfortunately, none of these approaches are perfect for all hair loss problems due to the complexity of the phenomenon and diverse nature of the causes underlying hair loss. Also, most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are accompanied by undesirable side effects.
DreamPharm offers Hair Million (have you heard?) to help treat hair loss problems. Numerous anecdotal cases have demonstrated that this herbal formula based on traditional Chinese herbs actually improves hair thinning and hair loss, a condition often associated with aging, for a significant fraction of people who take the formula regularly. It is not yet understood how Hair Million can stop hair loss and promote hair growth. No scientific research or placebo controlled clinical analysis has been performed on these herbs. Lack of scientific/clinical research is not uncommon in herbal arena. Nonetheless, there are two merits in this hair restoration herbal formula: Firstly, Hair Million is relatively inexpensive, and secondly, it is made of edible herbs that are known to be safe when consumed in regular quantities. Buy Propecia Online is a clinically tested prescription medication.
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