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Alopecia, hair loss abstracts ||






J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2568-74.
AIRE mutations and human leukocyte antigen genotypes as determinants of the autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy phenotype.

Halonen M, Eskelin P, Myhre AG, Perheentupa J, Husebye ES, Kampe O, Rorsman F, Peltonen L, Ulmanen I, Partanen J.

Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute, Biomedicum, Haartmaninkatu 8, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland. maria.halonetl.fi

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, OMIM 240300) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3. This monogenic disease provides an interesting model for studies of other common and more complex autoimmune diseases. The most common components of APECED are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, but several other endocrine deficiencies and ectodermal dystrophies also occur and the phenotype varies widely. The AIRE genotype also varies; 42 different mutations have been reported so far. To understand the complexity of the phenotype, we studied the AIRE and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genotypes in a series of patients with APECED. The only association between the phenotype and the AIRE genotype was the higher prevalence of candidiasis in the patients with the most common mutation, R257X, than in those with other mutations. Addison's disease was associated with HLA-DRB1*03 (P = 0.021), alopecia with HLA-DRB1*04- DQB1*0302 (P < 0.001), whereas type 1 diabetes correlated negatively with HLA-DRB1*15-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.036). The same HLA associations have previously been established for non-APECED patients. We conclude that mutation of AIRE per se has little influence on the APECED phenotype, whereas, in contrast to earlier reports, HLA class II is a significant determinant.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12050215&dopt=Abstract



J Formos Med Assoc. 2002 Mar;101(3):223-6.
High-dose steroid pulse therapy for the treatment of severe alopecia areata.

Tsai YM, Chen W, Hsu ML, Lin TK.

Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan, Taiwan.

Growing evidence shows alopecia areata (AA) to be a T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of high-dose steroid pulse therapy in Taiwanese patients with severe widespread AA exceeding 40% of the scalp. A total of 17 Taiwanese patients with severe AA lasting less than 2 years were treated once monthly at the outpatient clinic for six sessions. Children younger than 12 years of age received oral prednisolone (5 mg/kg) in three divided doses, while for adults, 500 mg methylprednisolone was infused intravenously over 2 hours. Patients with multifocal AA exhibited the most favorable response, with more than 75% hair regrowth (9/11). Relapse occurred in two patients at 4 and 8 months after the last treatment, respectively. One patient with ophiatic AA showed a transient response, but subsequently lost hair even upon continuation of therapy. Two patients of four with alopecia totalis had full hair regrowth but one lost hair again 6 months later. In the only patient with alopecia universalis, less than 10% hair regrowth occurred. No major side effects were observed. In summary, 11 of 17 patients (64.7%) had more than 75% hair regrowth after steroid pulse therapy. Our results indicated that steroid pulse therapy, given at 5-10 mg/kg once monthly for an average of 6 months, is effective and well tolerated in Taiwanese patients with severe multifocal AA lasting less than 2 years.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12051021&dopt=Abstract



Arch Dermatol. 2002 Jun;138(6):775-80.
Product-related emphasis of skin disease information online.

Hu W, Siegfried EC, Siegel DM.

Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA.

BACKGROUND: In 2000, 41 million people searched for medical information online. The quality of that information is unregulated, variable, and not well studied. OBJECTIVE: To quantify and compare the numbers and types of Internet sites matched for 10 diverse skin conditions through different search systems. DESIGN: Search strategies were performed at 6-month intervals via Netscape Navigator, using 3 search engines and 1 directory. Ten skin conditions were chosen to represent common (psoriasis and eczema), cosmetic (wrinkles and cellulite), difficult-to-treat (alopecia, mastocytosis, granuloma annulare, and xanthoma), and uncommon (dermatitis herpetiformis and epidermolysis bullosa) problems. Search strings were designed to generate lists of Web sites that provide educational or product-related information. Results were compared. SETTING: The Saint Louis University information technology server, July 9, 1999, December 16, 1999, and February 5, 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparisons of the total number, top 10 ranking, and type (educational vs product-related) of sites that matched through different search systems at 6-month intervals. RESULTS: The total number of matched sites for different skin conditions varied up to 100-fold. This number increased by 30% to 316% between July and December 1999. The largest number of Web sites related to wrinkles, followed by Web sites related to common conditions. Product-related sites outnumbered educational sites, especially for common and cosmetic conditions. Although there were differences in the total number of sites found through different search engines, the ratios of product-related to educational sites were similar. Different search engines yielded different top 10 match lists for the same condition. The top 10 lists included higher proportions of educational sites than the total match lists for all conditions except cellulite. Within the top 10 lists, the rank order of well respected sites varied by search engine used and changed over time. CONCLUSIONS: Patients are increasingly accessing the growing body of data available through the Internet. Most Web sites contain information related to products. Until standards are enacted to govern the distribution of online medical information, consumers are at risk for obtaining misinformation and buying ineffective products. To better guide patients, physicians must become familiar with this ever-changing information.


online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12056959&dopt=Abstract








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