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Alopecia, hair loss abstracts ||

Am J Kidney Dis. 1999 May;33(5):872-9.
Persistent lupus activity in end-stage renal disease.

Krane NK, Burjak K, Archie M, O'donovan R.

Section of Nephrology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA. kkranmcpop.tmc.tulane.edu

Clinical and serological activity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported to dramatically improve in patients who develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At Tulane University Medical Center, most patients with SLE and ESRD continue to have evidence of disease activity. A retrospective study of lupus activity was therefore performed in 19 patients with SLE, who were either undergoing dialysis or had undergone transplantation between 1988 and 1994, to determine disease activity before and a mean follow-up of 3 years after ESRD. There were seven hemodialysis patients, five peritoneal dialysis patients, and seven transplant recipients in the study population. Clinical events recorded to evaluate disease activity as indicators of serological activity were malar rash, ulcers, alopecia, arthritis, myositis, pleuritis, pericarditis, fever, cerebritis, and vasculitis. The following studies were recorded as measures of serological activity: leukocyte count, platelet count, serum complement 3 level, and anti-double-stranded DNA level. Disease activity was measured by using the SLE Disease Activity Index and the requirement for immunosuppressive medications. Clinical event rates for alopecia, arthritis, myositis, pleuritis, pericarditis, fever, and vasculitis were greater after ESRD but not to statistical significance. Serological studies showed little change in the dialysis patients before and after ESRD; however, there was a tendency for lupus serological results to improve after transplantation. When all event rates were combined, there was a statistically significant greater incidence of lupus activity after both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (P < 0.01) but not after renal transplantation. Fifty-eight percent of the patients undergoing dialysis died, either during the study period or within a 5-year follow-up, all of whom had clinically active lupus. This study therefore shows that lupus activity may persist in patients with ESRD. It is speculated that the study population, 84% of whom were black women, may represent a subgroup of patients with lupus in whom the disease remains active, even after they have developed ESRD.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10213642&dopt=Abstract

J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2003 May;17(3):271-5.
Hypertrichosis in females applying minoxidil topical solution and in normal controls.

Dawber RP, Rundegren J.

Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK. oxfordhairfounol.com abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypertrichosis has been reported more frequently in females than in males who use minoxidil topical solution (MTS) for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). This article examines the occurrence of MTS-induced hypertrichosis in females. METHODS: Data from placebo-controlled clinical trials in females (up to 5% MTS) were analysed based on spontaneous reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair and investigators' inquiries (solicited) about the presence of any new hair growth on body parts other than the scalp. A postmarketing drug surveillance database for MTS was also examined for reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair. RESULTS: In the clinical trials involving a total of 1333 females, spontaneous reports of hypertrichosis/facial hair were noted for 50 (4%) females in a dose-related pattern of response (5% MTS > 2% MTS > placebo). Nine females (seven and two in the 5% MTS and 2% MTS groups, respectively) discontinued treatment because of hypertrichosis/facial hair. Solicited reports of excessive hair growth (primarily facial) also showed a dose-related pattern of response. Post-marketing data showed a lower occurrence (0.5%) of hypertrichosis/facial hair than in the clinical trials. Of interest, in one clinical trial, 27% of the females enrolled (MTS and placebo treated) had facial hair growth reported at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Females with some hirsutism are particularly prone to seek treatment for AGA, and this may explain the high occurrence of hypertrichosis/facial hair found in the MTS clinical trials. Furthermore, some demographic groups of females are prone to develop facial hair and the problem of unwanted facial hair growth seems to be underestimated. Some females may have hair follicles that are very sensitive to MTS and should use the lowest strength of MTS (2%) to help avoid unwanted hair growth. The hypertrichotic effect of MTS on other sites than the scalp, including the face, is reversible and does not always require discontinuation of therapy.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12702063&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]

Br J Dermatol. 1999 Mar;140(3):432-7.
Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for Alopecia areata after in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells.

McElwee KJ, Spiers EM, Oliver RF.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, U.K.

Alopecia areata (AA) is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease. Hair loss is associated with a peri- and intrafollicular inflammatory infiltrate of anagen hair follicles primarily composed of CD4 + and CD8 + cells. A previous investigation involved in vivo depletion of CD8 + cells in the DEBR rat model to examine the cells' potential pathogenic activity in AA. The rat model is used here in a comparable study of CD4 + cell pathogenic activity. Eight AA affected DEBR rats were given intraperitoneal injections of a CD4 + cell depleting OX-35/OX-38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail over a 15-day therapy course. A further eight AA-affected rats comprised a control group and were injected with equivalent volumes of an irrelevant MoAb, OX-21. Changes in both CD4 + and CD8 + peripheral blood cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry, and macrophotography was used to record any changes in hair growth. Of the eight CD4 + cell-depleted rats six responded with hair growth. The rats revealed significant hair growth within 23 days of treatment initiation. With rapid replacement of the CD4 + cell population the newly generated pelage hair was eventually lost. Two control rats also showed limited hair growth within the 112-day study period. In vivo depletion of CD4 + cells partially restores hair growth in AA affected rats. The response suggests that CD4 + cells may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of AA. Further research may elucidate whether CD4 + cells have a direct effect on hair follicles or exert their influence through their classic T helper cell supporting role for CD8 + cells.

online pharmacy ref. source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10233262&dopt=Abstract

Hair growth is a sophisticated biological process, which is still not thoroughly understood. A multitude of therapeutic measures, including drugs, surgery, and suppelements have been made available, and used. However, due to the diversity of the problems underlying hair loss, there is no single solution for all hair loss cases. Most of chemical drugs and hair transplantation surgeries are not free from varying degrees of undesirable side effects on health.

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DHEA has been suggested to provide numerous potential benefits. DHEA (or dehydroepiandrosterone) is converted into androgens (male hormones) or estrogens (female hormones) in the cells.

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